Causes of obesity: a review

Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 284 - 291

Published: July 1, 2023

Obesity research is advancing swiftly, but the increase in obesity prevalence faster. Over past three decades, researchers have found that biopsychosocial factors determine weight gain much more than personal choices and responsibility. Various genes to predispose people by interacting with our obesogenic environment. In this review, we discuss impact of physical inactivity, excessive caloric intake, intrauterine environment, postnatal influences, insufficient sleep, drugs, medical conditions, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, psychosocial stress, endocrine disrupting chemicals gastrointestinal microbiome, on occurrence obesity.

Language: Английский

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Circular economy and sustainable practices in the food industry: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis

Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 100206 - 100206

Published: June 27, 2024

The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) prioritize halving global per capita food waste at retail, consumer, production, and supply chain by 2030. This aligns with promoting circular economy principles for enhanced sustainability. offers a transformative approach to the industry environmental health, human well-being, economic prosperity. bibliometric analysis examines how can drive sustainability in businesses, which closely aligning SDGs 12.3 (food reduction), 12.5 (waste 13.2 (climate policy integration), 13.3 adaptation). Through of 1000 relevant articles sourced from Web Science (spanning 2005 2023), we evaluated progress, challenges, opportunities this field. Utilizing analytical tools such as Biblioshiny (Bibliometrix) package R-Studio VOSviewer, researchers identify key trends research hotspots through thematic maps, co-occurrence networks, co-citation analysis, keyword collaboration networks. highlights that transform implementing sustainable management practices, optimizing chains resource utilization minimize impact. Furthermore, findings indicate adopting significantly reduce enhance efficiency transforming into valuable products biogas bio-based materials. study provides insights researchers, practitioners, policymakers, government officials improve production systems. It enhances understanding vital area guiding future endeavours promote strategies more efficient industry.

Language: Английский

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Neurobiology of eating behavior, nutrition, and health

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 294(5), P. 582 - 604

Published: July 10, 2023

Eating behavior and food-related decision making are among the most complex of motivated behaviors, understanding neurobiology eating behavior, its developmental dynamics, is critical to advancing nutritional sciences public health. Recent advances from both human animal studies revealing that individual capacity make health-promoting food decisions varies based on biological physiological variation in signaling pathways regulate homeostatic, hedonic, executive functions; past exposures current life-stage; environment; complications chronic disease reinforce obese state. rate drives increased calorie intake represents an important opportunity lower rates consumption energy through product reformulation. Understanding behaviors nutrition context neuroscience can strengthen evidence base which dietary guidelines derived inform policies, practices, educational programs a way increases likelihood they adopted effective for reducing obesity other diet-related disease.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Potential Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Substance Use, Compulsive Behavior, and Libido: Insights from Social Media Using a Mixed-Methods Approach

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 617 - 617

Published: June 20, 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is involved in a range of central and peripheral pathways related to appetitive behavior. Hence, this study explored the effects glucagon-like receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on substance behavioral addictions, including alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, psychostimulants, compulsive shopping, sex drive/libido. Data were collected from various social platforms. Keywords GLP-1 RAs substance/behavioral addiction used extract relevant comments. The employed mixed-methods approach analyze online discussions posted December 2019 June 2023 using specialized web application. Reddit entries focus here due limited data other platforms, such as TikTok YouTube. A total 5859 threads comments extracted six subreddits, which included about drugs associated brand names. To obtain posts, keywords potential use behavior selected. Further analysis two main steps: (1) manually coding posts based users’ references impact non-substance habits, excluding irrelevant or unclear comments; (2) performing thematic dataset keywords, AI-assisted techniques followed by manual revision generated themes. Second, was performed keyword-related dataset, In total, 29.75% alcohol-related; 22.22% caffeine-related; 23.08% nicotine-related clearly stated cessation intake these substances following start prescription. Conversely, mixed results found for cannabis intake, only limited, anecdotal made available cocaine, entactogens, dissociative drugs’ misuse. Regarding 21.35% reported shopping interruption, whilst sexual drive/libido elements reportedly increased several users. current appeared be useful tool gaining insight into complex topics addiction-related disorders; some RA-related mental health benefits could also inferred here. Overall, it that may show target both craving maladaptive/addictive behaviors, although further empirical research needed.

Language: Английский

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The effects of environmental changes on the endocrine regulation of feeding in fishes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1898)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Fishes are exposed to natural and anthropogenic changes in their environment, which can have major effects on behaviour physiology, including feeding behaviour, food intake digestive processes. These alterations owing the direct action of environmental physico-chemical parameters (i.e. temperature, pH, turbidity) physiology but also be a consequence variations availability. Food is ultimately regulated by centres brain, receive process information from endocrine signals both brain peripheral tissues such as gastrointestinal tract. stimulate or inhibit intake, interact with each other maintain energy homeostasis. Changes conditions might change habits rates, thus affecting levels stores, expression appetite regulators. This review provides an overview how availability could affect these networks fishes. article part theme issue ‘Endocrine responses variation: conceptual approaches recent developments’.

Language: Английский

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A brainstem to hypothalamic arcuate nucleus GABAergic circuit drives feeding

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(8), P. 1646 - 1656.e4

Published: March 21, 2024

The obesity epidemic is principally driven by the consumption of more calories than body requires. It therefore essential that mechanisms underpinning feeding behavior are defined. Neurons within brainstem dorsal vagal complex (DVC) receive direct information from digestive system and project to second-order regions in brain regulate food intake. Although γ-aminobutyric acid expressed DVC (GABADVC), its function this region has not been In order discover unique gene expression signature GABADVC cells, we used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (Nuc-seq), revealed 19 separate clusters. We next probed cells discovered selective activation neurons significantly controls intake weight. Optogenetic interrogation circuitry identified → hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) projections as appetite suppressive without creating aversion. Electrophysiological analysis ARC stimulation inhibits hunger-promoting neuropeptide Y (NPY) via GABA release. Adopting an intersectional genetics strategy, clarify circuit curbs These data identify a new modulator weight controller orexigenic NPY neuron activity, thereby providing insight into neural underpinnings obesity.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and diabetes: the final frontier

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 81 - 94

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

ABSTRACTABSTRACTIntroduction Obesity is a key target in the treatment and prevention of diabetes independently to reduce burden cardiovascular disease. We reviewed options now available anticipated deal with obesity.Areas covered considered epidemiology, genetics, causation obesity relationship diabetes, dietary, pharmaceutical, surgical management condition. The literature search both popular media via Google Search academic as indexed on PubMed terms including obesity, childhood adipocytes, insulin resistance, mechanisms satiety, bariatric surgery, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors.Expert opinion Although surgery has been primary approach treating obese individuals, emergence agents impacting brain satiety centers promises effective, non-invasive for individuals without diabetes. agonists have assumed role significant weight loss. Long-term results semaglutide tirzepatide are approaching success seen surgery. Future combining benefits control thermogenesis dissipate caloric excess under investigation.KEYWORDS: Obesitytype 2 diabetesprediabetesliraglutidesemaglutidetirzapatide Article highlights majority patients suffering from type overweight or obeseIn addition promoting development associated hypertension; dyslipidemia; ischemic heart disease; stroke; obstructive sleep apnea; asthma; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; gastroesophageal reflux degenerative joint disease back, hips, knees, feet; infertility polycystic ovary syndrome; various malignancies; depression.The cause death other risk factors.Weight through lifestyle modification cornerstone diabetes.It estimated that 60–70% adults attempt lose each year, but most regain lost over long term.The greatest achieving loss achieved variety techniques. Mean (SE) reductions percentage body at 3 years were after gastric bypass 25.0% (2.0%), followed by banding 15.0% (2.0%) 5.7% (2.4%) (P < .01).Perioperative mortality low. Complications need repeat interventions involve 20% 30% patients.Historically, pharmacological therapy less successful than Metformin, acarbose, number appetite suppressants, orlistat had only modest benefit.The advent inhibitors revolutionary impact Both classes demonstrated major benefit renal diabetes.Several used treat Liraglutide dose mg daily an approved agent indication several years. Semaglutide superior effects head-to-head studies liraglutide. Tirzepatide, combined GIP agonist, also recent patients.Research ongoing develop multireceptor activity, targeting not just receptors, possible thermogenic decrease fat mass.The degree approached levels some studies.The congestive failure diabetes.The combination may herald new age health impairments.Declaration interestThe authors no relevant affiliations financial involvement any organization entity interest conflict subject matter materials discussed manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership options, expert testimony, grants patents received pending, royalties.Reviewer disclosuresPeer reviewers this manuscript relationships disclose.Additional informationFundingThe Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation Association Diabetes Investigators.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Essential Oils and Fragrant Compounds on Appetite: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7962 - 7962

Published: April 27, 2023

Appetite dysregulation is one of the factors contributing to anorexia, bulimia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes. Essential oils or fragrant compounds have been proven regulate food intake energy expenditure; hence, this study aimed summarize their effects on appetite underlying mechanisms. The PubMed Web Science databases were searched until July 2022. Only two 41 studies performed clinically, remaining 39 used animal models. Oral administration was most common route, a dosage range 100–2000 mg/kg for mice 2–32 rats applied, with duration 12 days 4 weeks, followed by inhalation (10−6–10−3 mg/cage 10−9–10−2 mg/cm3 within 1 h). Approximately 11 essential oil samples 22 found increase appetite, while seven decreased appetite. These components can exert appetite-regulating via leptin resistance, activity sympathetic/parasympathetic nerves, mRNA expression neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP), cocaine- amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)/proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in hypothalamus. Fragrance memory cognitive processes may also play roles regulation. findings accentuate potential eating disorders.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the impact of microbiome-changing interventions on food decision-making: MIFOOD study protocol

BMC Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Abstract Background Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine effects prebiotic neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making assay mechanisms Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Method This study uses parallel arm RCT design 26-week intervention period. plan enroll 90 participants (male/diverse/female) living overweight or obesity, defined as either Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 (male)/0.85 (diverse, female) Body Mass Index (BMI) 25 kg/m 2 . Key inclusion criteria are 18–60 years age exclusion type diabetes, psychiatric disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindications. The comprise daily supplementary intake 30 g soluble fiber (inulin), weekly group sessions, compared placebo (equicaloric maltodextrin). At baseline follow-up, assessed utilizing task-based MRI. Secondary outcome measures include structural MRI, habits, lifestyle factors, personality traits, mood. Further, we obtain fecal blood samples investigate composition related metabolites. Discussion relies expanding suggesting dietary prebiotics could improve composition, leading beneficial gut-brain signaling higher-order cognitive functions. In parallel, have been proposed unhealthy habits metabolic status. However, causal evidence how these “bottom-up” “top-down” processes affect correlates humans still scarce. addition, microbiome, gut-brain-axis-related mediating remain unclear. present proposes comprehensive approach assess gut-brain-related influencing obesity. registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353504. Retrospectively registered 29 April 2022.

Language: Английский

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Neurovascular decoupling of frontoparietal cortex-putamen-cerebellum network in type 2 diabetes patient: Potential biomarker for abnormal eating patterns

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112175 - 112175

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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