Associations Between Diabetes Mellitus and Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 542 - 542

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative diseases/disturbances are worldwide health problems. The most common chronic conditions diagnosed in persons 60 years older type 2 diabetes (T2DM) cognitive impairment. It was found that is a major risk for decline, dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) other disorders. Different mechanisms of associations between these diseases have been suggested. For example, it postulated an impaired intracellular insulin signaling pathway, together with hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia, may cause pathological changes, such as dysfunction the mitochondria, oxidative stress inflammatory responses, etc. association diseases, well associations, needs further investigation. aim this review to describe mellitus, especially 1 (T1DM) selected i.e., disease, sclerosis. Suggested also described.

Language: Английский

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Association between Cardiometabolic Index and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Diabetic-Based Population

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 237 - 247

Published: June 6, 2024

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment. Therefore, early identification of impairment in diabetic patients particularly important. The aim this study was to assess the relationship between Cardiometabolic index (CMI) and function population. Methods: A cross-sectional conducted by collecting information from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Multiple linear regression models were used investigate correlation CMI low Threshold effects analysis fitted smoothing curves describe nonlinear links. Interaction tests subgroup analyses also performed. Results: total 1,050 people participated study, including 561 men 489 women. In fully corrected model, positively associated with performance as assessed CERAD Word List Learning Test (CERAD W-L), Animal Fluency (AFT), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST) (OR = 1.37 [1.14, 1.72], p 7.4 × 10−3), 1.21 [1.04, 1.51], 1.26 10−2), 1.27 [1.08, 1.63], 2.53 10−2). Our found that higher at greater developing function. effect subgroups on positive association not significant. non-linear determined W-L, AFT, DSST (log-likelihood ratio <5 addition, our better predictor diabetes than weight-adjusted waist (WWI). Conclusion: Increased an increased diabetes. can be new anthropometric measure predicting diabetes, stronger predictive power WWI.

Language: Английский

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Association between fasting blood glucose and psychotic symptoms in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Psychotic depression (PD) is a highly debilitating disorder characterized by hallucinations and/or delusions accompanied depression. A variety of neurotransmitters, hormones and corresponding receptors in the endocrine system are involved onset progression depression, fasting blood glucose (FBG) can be an important indicator for monitoring stability system. The aim this study was to investigate relationship between FBG PD Chinese population with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) major depressive (MDD). In study, 1718 outpatient individuals diagnosed (FEDN MDD) were included. association levels identified through multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. To potential non-linear relationships, two-piecewise linear model utilized. Additionally, interaction stratified analyses performed based on gender, educational background, marital status, presence comorbid anxiety, history suicide attempt. Multivariate analysis showed that positively associated risk FEDN MDD patients (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.31 2.13; P < 0.05). Smoothed plots PD, while inflection point calculated using two-segmented 6.23 mmol/L. On right side point, probability increased substantially 278% 3.78, 1.75 8.18, p 0.001), no significant observed left 1.06, 0.73 1.52, 0.772). Our investigation revealed nonlinear MDD, thereby informing more effective intervention strategies managing psychotic symptoms

Language: Английский

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Diabetes Differentially Alters Glial Cells in Different Brain Regions

Diabetology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 16 - 16

Published: March 3, 2025

Background/Objectives: The chronic metabolic condition of hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetics is known to cause various neurological disorders and compromise recovery from brain insults. Previously, we reported a delayed reduced glial cell response greater neuronal death different regions diabetic, db/db, mice following cerebral hypoxic- ischemic injury. In this study, explored the changes baseline activation astrocytes microglia its impact on vascular permeability regions. Methods: numbers activated (GFAP-positive) microglia/macrophage (Iba-1-positive) motor cortex, caudate hippocampal 12-week old, diabetic db/db non-diabetic db/+ were quantitated. leakage serum IgG loss occludin, tight junctional protein observed cortex mice, indicated compromised blood barrier. Results: Results significant differences cells along with increased vessel mice. Conclusions: study suggests that constant may be impaired inflammatory and/or degenerating vessels which contribute upon CNS

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic role of melatonin on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity via reducing ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a rat model

BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: March 11, 2025

This study examined the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of melatonin (MEL) against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental groups included control, ACR, MEL10+ACR, MEL20+ACR, MEL20. MEL at doses 10 20 mg/kg, ACR 50 were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. On 15th day, locomotor activity was assessed, brain tissues analyzed biochemically, molecularly, histopathologically. exposure decreased activity, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, indicating oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, CAT). High-dose (MEL20+ACR) effectively lipid peroxidation restored activities. treatment also suppressed proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, mitigated ACR-induced by reducing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels. ER stress markers (GRP78, ATF4, ATF6, sXBP1, CHOP) apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3) elevated following but MEL. Additionally, increases 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), DNA damage astrocyte activation, respectively. These findings underscore potential to counteract through its comprehensive actions.

Language: Английский

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Overview of Metformin and Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 486 - 486

Published: March 28, 2025

This comprehensive review examines the therapeutic potential of metformin, a well-established diabetes medication, in treating neurodegenerative disorders. Originally used as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, recent studies have begun investigating metformin’s effects beyond metabolic disorders, particularly its neuroprotective capabilities against conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s Huntington’s and multiple sclerosis. Key findings demonstrate that operate through pathways: AMPK activation enhancing cellular energy metabolism autophagy; upregulation antioxidant defenses; suppression inflammation; inhibition protein aggregation; improvement mitochondrial function. These mechanisms collectively address common pathological features neurodegeneration neuroinflammation, including oxidative stress, accumulation, dysfunction. Clinical preclinical evidence supporting association with improved cognitive performance, reduced risk dementia, modulation hallmarks diseases is critically evaluated. While metformin shows promise agent, this emphasizes need further investigation to fully understand optimal applications diseases.

Language: Английский

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Linking Metabolic Syndrome to Neurodegeneration Mechanisms and Potential Treatments

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective role of curcumin on the hippocampus against the oxidative stress and inflammation of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Metabolic Brain Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Post-ischemic scars and ‘The micro-metabolic-glia-cerebral changes”: do we know everything?

Neurosurgical Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(1)

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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