Validity and measurement invariance of abbreviated scales of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) in a population of Italian young adults
Frontiers in Psychology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Feb. 7, 2025
This
study
evaluates
the
validity
and
measurement
invariance
of
8-item
scales
State-Trait
Anxiety
Inventory
(STAI)
across
gender
age.
Originally
developed
by
Spielberger
(STAI-Y),
these
have
been
shortened
to
create
more
efficient
versions
without
compromising
psychometric
robustness.
A
sample
Italian
young
adults,
aged
between
18
36
years,
completed
abbreviated
scales.
The
were
assessed
for
internal
consistency,
convergent
with
Endler
Multidimensional
Scales
(EMAS),
results
demonstrated
excellent
consistency
significant
correlations
EMAS,
supporting
STAI-S-8
STAI-T-8.
Both
retained
balanced
factorial
structures
robust
anxiety
capabilities.
Measurement
was
confirmed
age,
indicating
scales'
reliability
assessment
in
adults
regardless
demographic
differences.
While
findings
underscore
practical
utility
STAI
rapid
clinical
research
settings,
limitations
include
absence
a
reliance
on
self-report
measures,
which
may
introduce
biases.
Future
should
populations
explore
cultural
differences
manifestation.
Despite
limitations,
offer
valid,
reliable,
tools
measuring
anxiety,
implications
timely
interventions
enhanced
psychological
assessment.
Language: Английский
Comparative effectiveness of electroencephalogram-neurofeedback training of 3–45 frequency band on memory in healthy population: a network meta-analysis with systematic literature search
Wen-Hsiu Yeh,
No information about this author
Ya-Ju Ju,
No information about this author
Fu-Zen Shaw
No information about this author
et al.
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: April 24, 2025
Abstract
Objective
To
investigate
which
brain
activity
frequency
of
electroencephalogram
(EEG)-neurofeedback
training
(NFT)
was
the
most
effective
for
enhancing
working
memory
(WM)
and
episodic
(EM)
in
healthy
participants
through
network
meta-analysis
(NMA).
Methods
Searched
PubMed,
Embase,
Cochrane
Library
studies
published
from
January
1990
to
2025.
We
performed
Bayesian
NMA,
pooling
continuous
outcome
data
using
standardized
mean
difference
effect
size
(ES).
Global
local
evaluations
inconsistency
were
conducted
chi-square
test,
side-splitting,
loop-specific
approaches.
A
consistency
model
applied
global
approach
showed
no
significance.
Efficacy
ranks
determined
surface
under
cumulative
ranking
curve
(SUCRA)
each
intervention.
Publication
bias
assessed
comparison-adjusted
funnel
plot
Egger’s
test.
Finally,
sensitivity
analysis
confirmed
our
findings’
robustness.
Results
Sixty
included,
comprising
50
trials
on
WM
24
EM.
While
significant
(χ
2
(22)
=
30.89,
p
0.10)
EM
(10)
13.48,
0.19),
exhibited
between
active
control
(AC)
alpha
combined
with
(WMT)
(ES
6.64,
<
0.001)
WM,
AC
0.84,
0.01)
Alpha
WMT
(100%)
NFT
(87.0%)
also
highest
efficacy
according
SUCRA.
No
publication
found
either
type
memory.
The
aligns
original
results.
Conclusion
Through
(7–13
Hz)
may
be
a
crucial
impacting
Brain
other
methods
requires
more
robust
future
investigation.
This
study
registered
www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
(CRD42024539656).
Language: Английский