Options in Targeted Therapy for Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma: A 2024 Update

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Bile duct carcinomas have a different prognosis and genetic profile depending on their location; intrahepatic/extrahepatic or at the level of gallbladder. Although in recent years there been important advances first-line therapy, second-line therapy cholangiocarcinoma does not currently standard. Therefore this level, is an acute need for personalized treatment. The present article narrative review that aims to list newest targeted therapeutic options type cancer, based identified alterations. literature selected analysis includes phase 2 3 studies with disease original articles no older than three describe prevalence most common gene alterations cancer. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Clarivate-Web Science databases were searched keywords such as "cholangiocarcinoma," "biliary cancer," "targeted therapy," "gene amplifications," "mutations" used. This was designed taking into account SANRA (Scale Assessment Narrative Review Articles) criteria. conclusions lead fact next-generation sequencing testing particular usefulness cholangiocarcinoma. cancers are rich targetable alterations, treatment constant change, although much current data comes from II studies. There great be analyzed III Hence, oncological community stay informed about supported by article.

Language: Английский

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Advances in immunotherapy for mucosal melanoma: harnessing immune checkpoint inhibitors for improved treatment outcomes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 30, 2024

Mucosal melanoma (MM) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as promising strategy for MM, with particular focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors such PD-1 CTLA-4 inhibitors. These have demonstrated substantial efficacy by harnessing the body’s response against tumors. Moreover, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), anti-angiogenic therapy, combination therapies garnered attention their potential in MM treatment. ACT involves modifying T cells target cells, showing antitumor activity. Anti-angiogenic therapy aims impede tumor growth inhibiting angiogenesis, while therapies, including targeted offer multifaceted approach overcome resistance. This comprehensive review explores advancements highlighting role of diverse therapeutic modalities enhancing outcomes addressing challenges posed this malignancy.

Language: Английский

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Multi-omics profiling and experimental verification of tertiary lymphoid structure-related genes: molecular subgroups, immune infiltration, and prognostic implications in lung adenocarcinoma

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), characterized by a low 5-year survival rate, is the most common and aggressive type of lung cancer. Recent studies have shown that tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which resemble structures, are closely linked to immune response tumor prognosis. The functions structure-related genes (TLS-RGs) in microenvironment (TME) poorly understood. Based on publicly available data, we conducted comprehensive study function TLS-RGs LUAD. Initially, categorized LUAD patients into two TLS gene subtypes. Subsequently, risk scores were calculated, prognostic models constructed using seven (CIITA, FCRL2, GBP1, BIRC3, SCGB1A1, CLDN18, S100P). To enhance clinical application scores, developed precise nomogram. Furthermore, drug sensitivity, mutational burden (TMB), cancer stem cell (CSC) index found be substantially correlated with scores. Single-cell sequencing results reflected distribution cells. Finally, took intersection overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), progression-free interval (PFI) prognosis-related then further validated expression these qRT-PCR. Our in-depth investigation revealed their possible contributions clinicopathological features, prognosis, characteristics TME. These findings underscore potential as biomarkers therapeutic targets for LUAD, thereby paving way personalized treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid on Proliferation, Energy Metabolism, and Chemosensitization in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cell Lines

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 11601 - 11601

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of death worldwide. LC can be classified into small-cell lung (SCLC) and non-small-cell (NSCLC), with last subtype accounting for approximately 85% all diagnosed cases. Despite existence different types treatment this disease, development resistance to therapies tumor recurrence in patients have maintained need find new therapeutic options combat pathology, where natural products stand out as an attractive source search. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) main metabolite extracted from Larrea tridentata plant has been shown biological activities, including anticancer activity. In study, H1975, H1299, A549 cell lines were treated NDGA, its effect on viability, proliferation, metabolism was evaluated using a resazurin reduction assay, incorporation BrdU, ki-67 gene expression glucose uptake measurement, respectively. addition, combination NDGA clinical chemotherapeutics investigated MTT assay Combenefit software (version 2.02). The results showed that decreases viability proliferation NSCLC cells differentially modulates genes associated metabolic pathways. For example, LDH decreased analyzed. However, GLUT3 increased after 24 h treatment. HIF-1 early H1299 lines. three (carboplatin, gemcitabine, taxol) shows synergic pattern decrease line. summary, research provides evidence about role cancer. Interestingly, enhance activity antitumoral drugs could improved resource against

Language: Английский

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