Engineering exosomes to reshape the immune microenvironment in breast cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic opportunities

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Breast cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Immunomodulation and immunotherapy have emerged as promising strategies for breast treatment. Engineered exosomes are the sort of modified with surface decoration internal molecules. Through suitable modifications, engineered exhibit capability to overcome limitations associated traditional This ability opens up novel avenues development more effective, personalized, minimally invasive interventions.

Language: Английский

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Profiling of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Their Impact on Survival in Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy with Dendritic Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 5275 - 5275

Published: May 12, 2024

Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common primary malignant brain tumors, comprising 2% of all cancers in adults. Their location and cellular molecular heterogeneity, along with their highly infiltrative nature, make treatment challenging. Recently, our research group reported promising results from a prospective phase II clinical trial involving allogeneic vaccination dendritic cells (DCs). To date, six out thirty-seven cases remain alive without tumor recurrence. In this study, we focused on characterization infiltrating immune observed at time surgical resection. An analytical model employing neural network-based predictive algorithm was used to ascertain potential prognostic implications immunological variables patients' overall survival. Counterintuitively, phenotyping tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has revealed extracellular marker PD-L1 be positive predictor contrast, elevated expression CD86 within subset emerged as negative indicator. Fundamentally, network outlined here allows prediction responsiveness patients undergoing cell terms survival based parameters profile infiltrated TAMs excision.

Language: Английский

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Single Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Similarities Between Colorectal, Liver and Lung T Cells’ Populations

Communications in computer and information science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 18 - 28

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Herbal Immunostimulants and Their Phytochemicals: Exploring Morinda citrifolia, Echinacea purpurea, and Phyllanthus niruri

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 897 - 897

Published: March 13, 2025

The rising prevalence of infectious diseases and immune-related disorders underscores the need for effective accessible therapeutic solutions. Herbal immunostimulants derived from medicinal plants offer promising alternatives, enhancing immune responses with lower toxicity fewer side effects than synthetic drugs. This review explores immunostimulatory potential Morinda citrifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Phyllanthus niruri, focusing on their bioactive compounds, mechanisms action, relevance. These modulate innate adaptive by activating macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes while regulating cytokine production to maintain homeostasis. Their immunomodulatory are linked key signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT. In vitro in vivo studies highlight strengthen control inflammation, making them candidates managing diseases. However, further research is needed standardize formulations, determine optimal dosages, validate safety efficacy clinical settings. Addressing these gaps will support integration herbal into evidence-based healthcare as sustainable immune-enhancing strategies.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of T cell subpopulations and plasma cytokines during the first year of antineoplastic therapy in patients with breast cancer: the BEGYN-1 study

Breast Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Background The role of T cell immunity during antineoplastic therapy is poorly understood. In the BEGYN-1 study, patients with breast cancer underwent quarterly assessments prior to and over a period 12 months. Methods We used flow cytometry multiplex immunoassays quantify 25 subpopulations seven associated plasma cytokines in peripheral blood from 92 non-metastatic patients, respectively. addition, association between dynamics outcome undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy was investigated. Results chemotherapy, significant reduction helper (Th) cells, particularly naïve central effector cells thymus positive Th observed time. Interestingly, Th1 immune response-associated (IL-12, TNF, IFN-γ) declined while Th2 cytotoxic increased Conclusions conclude that transition response towards an increase whereas without these alterations were less pronounced. Future studies should clarify whether patterns subsets or can be as biomarkers monitor even improve therapeutic interventions. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Breast Cancer Immune Landscape: Interplay Between Systemic and Local Immunity

Advanced Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(7)

Published: May 10, 2024

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. Numerous studies immuno‐oncology and successful trials immunotherapy have demonstrated causal role immune system pathogenesis. The interaction between tumor known to a dual nature. Despite cytotoxic lymphocyte activity against transformed cells, can escape surveillance leverage chronic inflammation maintain its own development. Research on antitumor immunity primarily focuses microenvironment, whereas systemic response beyond site described less thoroughly. Here, comprehensive review formation profile breast patients offered. interplay local reactions as self‐sustaining mechanism progression functional main cell populations related innate adaptive discussed. Additionally, different levels their contribution development pro‐ or anti‐tumor BC highlighted. presented data potentially inform new strategies treatment with BC.

Language: Английский

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Distribution of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Feline Mammary Lesions: Relationship With Clinicopathological Features

Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 398 - 409

Published: June 11, 2024

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a frequent finding in feline mammary neoplasms. Recent research suggests that the presence and location of tumour‐associated immune cells might play significant role clinical outcome carcinomas. The present study aimed to characterise overall inflammatory infiltrates healthy, hyperplastic/dysplastic, benign malignant lesions gland, evaluate its association with clinicopathological features. Perilesional intralesional foci were evaluated 307 from 185 queens, categorised according distribution intensity. presence, density tertiary lymphoid structures also assessed. A control group included 24 queens without changes. perilesional infiltrate was observed majority (80.8% 90.2%, respectively), but differed type lesion, being more remarkable Only scarce individual 28.1% normal glands. Data analysis revealed statistically associations ( p < 0.05) between prominent reaction several features associated worse prognosis, including stage, tumour size, mitotic count, lymphovascular invasion lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, significantly tumours an infiltrative growth According our results, different types development aggressive tumours.

Language: Английский

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Clinical and prognostic significance of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in bladder cancer draining lymph nodes

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Abstract Follicular helper and regulatory T cells (Tfh/TFR) are distinct subsets of CD4 + that have been recognized for their critical role in regulating cellular reactions within the germinal centers lymphoid follicles. In present study, we aimed to determine presence frequency these draining lymph nodes patients with bladder cancer (BC). Forty-six BC who had undergone radical cystectomy pelvic node dissection were enrolled. Following routine pathological examination, a portion dissected was minced obtain single-cell suspension. Mononuclear then separated using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, samples proper viability (> 95%) subjected further analysis. To phenotype follicular subsets, stained appropriate fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific CD4, CXCR5, BCL6, FOXP3. The acquired on four-color flow cytometer. data analyzed FlowJo software version 10.8.1 package. Our analysis indicated that, average 37.89 ± 16.36% lymphocytes expressed CXCR5. majority them negative FOXP3, representing (28.73 13.66). A small percent simultaneously BCL6 transcription factor (1.65% 1.35), designated as Tfh (CD4 CXCR5 FOXP3 - ). While less than 10% 1.78 2.54 also positive known TFR. Statistical revealed both TFR higher tumor-infiltrated (P = 0.035 P 0.079, respectively) compared those ones. percentage high-grade tumors low-grade ones 0.031 both). collectively however approximately one third accordingly capacity enter follicles, 2% represented phenotypes. increased progressed showed an association prognostic factors.

Language: Английский

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Natural products as promising modulators of breast cancer immunotherapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 10, 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women and considered a major global health challenge worldwide due to its high incidence mortality rates. Treatment strategies for BC wide-ranging include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted hormonal therapy immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has gained popularity recently often integrated as component of personalized care because it aims strengthen immune system enable recognize eradicate transformed cells. It fewer side-effects lower toxicity than other treatment strategies, such chemotherapy. Many natural products are being investigated wide range therapeutic pharmacological properties, modulation activity against infection, auto-immune disease, cancer. This review presents an overview response-related pathways in BC, followed by detailed explanation how compounds can act immunomodulatory agents biomolecular targets. Research been carried out on many forms products, including extracts, isolated entities, synthetic derivatives, nanoparticles, combinations compounds. Findings have shown significant regulatory effects cells cytokines that lead immunogenic cell death, well upregulation macrophages CD+8 T cells, increased killer dendritic activity. Natural also found inhibit some immuno-suppressive Treg myeloid-derived suppressor decrease immunosuppressive factors TGF-β IL-10. Also, target hinder checkpoints PD-L1.

Language: Английский

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Cell-cell interactions mediating primary and metastatic breast cancer dormancy

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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