Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain–Gut–Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3694 - 3694

Published: March 26, 2024

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several metabolic dysfunctions caused by dysregulation in the brain–gut–liver axis and, consequently, increases cardiovascular risks and dysfunction. In MAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, syndrome are frequently present; these conditions related to lipogenesis systemic inflammation. This study aimed review connection between MAFLD. The inflammatory process, cellular alterations hepatocytes stellate cells, hypercaloric diet, sedentarism aggravate prognosis of patients with Thus, understand modulation physiopathology it is necessary include organokines involved this process (adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines) their clinical relevance project future perspectives condition bring light new possibilities therapeutic approaches. Adipokines responsible for activation distinct signaling different tissues, such as insulin pro-inflammatory cytokines, which important balancing substances avoid MAFLD its progression. Myokines improve quantity quality adipose contributing avoiding development Finally, hepatokines decisive improving or not progression through regulation anti-inflammatory organokines.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and Inflammatory Factors in the Progression of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1403 - 1403

Published: April 3, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity leads to a chronic pro-inflammatory state systemic effects, including the alteration of macrophage metabolism. Tumor-associated macrophages have been linked formation cancer through production metabolites such as itaconate. Itaconate downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma tumor-suppressing factor and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in M2-like macrophages. Similarly, leptin adiponectin also influence cytokine expression contribute progression colorectal via changes gene within PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway influences cell proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis. work provides review obesity-related hormones inflammatory mechanisms leading development early-onset (EOCRC). A literature search was performed using PubMed Cochrane databases identify studies related EOCRC, keywords 'EOCRC', 'obesity', 'obesity-related hormones', 'itaconate', 'adiponectin', 'leptin', 'M2a macrophage', 'microbiome'. With this concept markers contributing increased use chemo-preventative agents aspirin may protective effect. Elucidating association between obesity-related, hormone/cytokine-driven effects EOCRC help lead new therapeutic targets preventing treating EOCRC.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the complexities of early-onset colorectal cancer: a perspective on dietary and microbial influences

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 4, 2024

While advances in screening have resulted declining rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) among adults ≥50 years age since the mid-2000s, incidence early-onset CRC (EOCRC) has steadily increased over last decade. This increase is not fully accounted for by hereditary factors, and hypothesis that a sedentary lifestyle obesity are primary culprits supported recent reports indicating many affected individuals lead active lifestyles, maintain normal weight, otherwise healthy. Attention shifted toward dietary patterns, notably consumption processed ultra-processed foods found Western diets, which suspected disrupting gut microbiome balance potentially leads to EOCRC. The impact antibiotic use on also posited as contributing factor, given its rising prevalence medical agricultural practices. We propose paradigm shift necessary EOCRC research, moving beyond metabolic factors broader exploration microbial influences. Future research must prioritize understanding relationship between habits, particularly food intake, exposure, dynamics, unravel complex etiology will be crucial developing comprehensive preventive strategies address increasing this malignancy younger populations.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and early-onset colorectal cancer risk: emerging clinical evidence and biological mechanisms

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 2, 2024

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as diagnosed at younger than 50 years of age and indicates a health burden globally. Patients with EOCRC have distinct risk factors, clinical characteristics, molecular pathogenesis compared older patients CRC. Further investigations identified different roles obesity between late-onset (LOCRC). Most studies focused on the characteristics in EOCRC, therefore, mechanism involved association remains inconclusive. This review further states that affects carcinogenesis well its development progression, which may lead to obesity-related metabolic syndrome, intestinal dysbacteriosis, inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Stigma, Colorectal Cancer Knowledge and Self-efficacy among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A cross-sectional study based on random forest analysis

European Journal of Oncology Nursing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102858 - 102858

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cooperation Between Genotoxic Bacteria Accelerates Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Colon Carcinogenesis

Published: April 18, 2025

ABSTRACT To identify causal links between gut microbes and tumorigenesis, we colonized groups of germ-free colon tumor-susceptible mice ( Apc Min/+ ; Il10 −/− ) with 15 cultured human fecal microbiotas from healthy individuals, as well patients inflammatory bowel disease colorectal cancer. The number colonic tumors in varied by donor microbiota but not the health status donor. In vitro screens host cell proliferation, genotoxicity, inflammation bacteria-mammalian cocultures revealed that genotoxicity best predicted tumorigenic vivo genotoxic present all tested individuals. subset strains each induced more than complete community – even when was tumorigenic. Combining multiple sources increased tumor decreased time to onset. Together these results suggest most individuals harbor bacterial balance protective determines timing severity tumorigenesis vivo.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents as a Gut Microbiota Modulator in the Management of Neurological and Psychological Disorders

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 551, P. 69 - 78

Published: May 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Could Environmental Exposure and Climate Change Be a Key Factor in the Rising Incidence of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer?

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(16), P. e35935 - e35935

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

The emergence of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is believed to result from the complex interplay between external environmental factors and internal molecular processes. This review investigates potential association exposure chemicals climate change increased incidence EOCRC, focusing on their effects gut microbiota (GM) dynamics. manuscript explores birth cohort effect, suggesting that individuals born after 1950 may be at higher risk developing EOCRC due cumulative exposures. Furthermore, we also reviewed impact pollution, including particulate matter endocrine disrupting (EDCs), as well global warming, GM disturbance. Environmental exposures have disrupt composition diversity, leading dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, which are known associated with EOCRC. Particulate can enter gastrointestinal tract, modifying promoting proliferation pathogenic bacteria while diminishing beneficial bacteria. Similarly, EDCs, induce alterations further increasing Additionally, warming influence through shifts in conditions, affecting host's immune response potentially risk. To summarize, since has been implicated contributing rising Disruptions homeostasis play a crucial role mediating these associations. Consequently, there pressing need for enhanced policies aimed minimizing pollutants, safeguarding public health, mitigating burden

Language: Английский

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Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer—A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Romania

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1052 - 1052

Published: May 19, 2024

Early-onset colorectal cancer emerges as a distinctive clinical and biological entity is generally defined the onset of colon or rectal neoplasia before age 50. Several reports describe an increasing incidence worldwide cancers occurring in individuals younger than 50 years, along with particular histologic molecular features. Although heredity may be explanation some cases young-onset cancer, other driving factors remain partially unknown. The present study explores demographic, clinical, pathological features within group patients diagnosed It retrospective survey based on data collected between 2017 2023 three surgical departments from tertiary Romanian hospital. we identified (later-stage disease, distal tumor localization, mucinous histology) are mainly superimposed existing literature regarding this pathology. In order to lower burden that young implies, change paradigm should made terms establishing effective targeted screening programs but also direction enhancing complex pathological, diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Antiproliferative and apoptosis effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on HT-29 cells accompanied by subG1 cycle arrest and modulation of mTOR/p62/FAS/Caspase8/Bax pathway

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Lactobacillus acidophilus is the most commonly used probiotic that paving preventive and biotherapeutic methods for colorectal cancer. However, mechanisms underlying its remedial utility are largely unknown. The cell viability of HT-29 line under concentrations (10⁸,10⁹ 10¹⁰ cfu/ml) L. Sonicated Extract (LSE) screened out, using MTT assay at 24 72 hours. apoptosis cycle arrest were assessed via flow cytometry. A possible signaling pathway mTOR/p62/FAS/Caspase8/Bax was examined qRT-PCR. LSE found as an active inducer proliferation inhibitor (IC50 value 10⁸ cfu/ml after hr) in a time dose-dependent manner. Cell analysis demonstrated subG1 phase arrest. Disclosing expression, revealed another one mechanism LSE-induced while leading to LSE upregulated expression Fas death receptor along with caspase8 Bax-mediated genes suppressing anti-apoptotic mTOR p62 expression. results suggest has property treatment cancer by interfering multiple cellular functions which depends on bacterial dose administered.

Language: Английский

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