Frontiers in pancreatic cancer on biomarkers, microenvironment, and immunotherapy

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 217350 - 217350

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat due its late-stage diagnosis, aggressive progression, and high resistance existing therapies. This review examines latest advancements in early detection, therapeutic strategies, with a focus on emerging biomarkers, tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation, integration artificial intelligence (AI) data analysis. We highlight promising including microRNAs (miRNAs) circulating DNA (ctDNA), that offer enhanced sensitivity specificity for early-stage diagnosis when combined multi-omics panels. A detailed analysis TME reveals how components such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute therapy by creating immunosuppressive barriers. also discuss interventions target these components, aiming improve drug delivery overcome evasion. Furthermore, AI-driven analyses are explored their potential interpret complex data, enabling personalized treatment strategies real-time monitoring response. conclude identifying key areas future research, clinical validation regulatory frameworks AI applications, equitable access innovative comprehensive approach underscores need integrated, outcomes pancreatic cancer.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Novel Targeted Therapies for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Isoferulic Acid Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Pancreatic Cancer Cells, and Promotes the Apoptosis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells in a Mitochondria‐Dependent Manner Through Inhibiting NF‐κB Signalling Pathway

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(3)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

ABSTRACT Isoferulic acid (IA), a derivative of cinnamic acid, is derived from Danshen and exhibits anticancer properties by disrupting cancer cell activities. However, its role in pancreatic cancer, the “king cancer”, was unknown. In this study, cells were subjected to treatment with IA (6.25, 12.5, 25 μM), nude mice injected received at doses 7.5 mg/kg/day or 30 oral administration. CCK8, Annexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide (PI) double staining TUNEL assay conducted evaluate viability apoptosis. Hoechst comet employed measure DNA damage. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis carried out explain mitochondrial EdU wound healing performed for proliferation migration detection. Immunofluorescence western blot used explore mechanism. We found that reduced induced apoptosis, as evidenced an increase V‐FITC + PI − populations, brighter staining, more percentage tail DNA. Furthermore, decreased MMP changed levels apoptosis‐related proteins. The inhibited treatment. Mechanically, downregulated phosphorylation IĸBα p65 nuclear translocation, consequently suppressing NF‐κB pathway. general, suppressed migration, caused apoptosis mitochondria‐dependent manner through blocking signalling pathway, indicating may be therapeutic strategy cancer.

Language: Английский

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Immunohistochemical Evaluation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 646 - 646

Published: March 6, 2025

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm with a complex carcinogenesis process that must be understood through the interactions between tumor cells and microenvironment cells. Methods: This study was retrospective chronological extension period of 16 years included 56 cases pancreatic adenocarcinoma. identified, quantified, correlated immune in major prognostic factors as well overall survival, using extensive panel immunohistochemical markers. Results: Three immunotypes were identified: subtype A (hot immunotype), B (intermediate C (cold immunotype). Patients immunotype exhibit considerably higher rates both fistulas acute pancreatitis. Immunotypes significantly increased risk this complication by 3.68 (p = 0.002) 3.94 0.001), respectively. The estimated probabilities fistula formation for each are follows: 2.5% A, 25% B, 28% C. There statistically significant difference median survival times according to < 0.001). Specifically, patients tumors had time only 120.5 days, compared 553.5 days those 331.5 tumors. Conclusions: identification can predictive factor occurrence complications such survival.

Language: Английский

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KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer: impacts on tumor microenvironment and therapeutic implications

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 4, 2025

Despite decreasing trends in incidence, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a major contributor to malignancy-related morbidities and mortalities. Groundbreaking advances immunotherapies targeted therapies benefit subset of CRC patients, with sub-optimal outcomes. Hence, there an unmet need design manufacture novel therapies, especially for advanced/metastatic disease. KRAS, the most highly mutated proto-oncogene across human malignancies, particularly pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, CRC, on-off switch governs several fundamental signaling cascades. KRAS mutations not only propel progression metastasis but also critically modulate responses therapies. We discuss impacts on CRC's tumor microenvironment describe strategies targeting its associated cascades mechanisms drug resistance. Drug development against has been challenging, mainly due structural properties (offering no appropriate binding site small molecules), critical functions wild-type non-cancerous cells, complex network downstream effector pathways (allowing malignant cells develop resistance). Pre-clinical early clinical data offer promises combining inhibitors

Language: Английский

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Elevated Expression of Cell Adhesion, Metabolic, and Mucus Secretion Gene Clusters Associated with Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Poor Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 4049 - 4049

Published: Dec. 3, 2024

Technological advances in identifying gene expression profiles are being applied to study an array of cancers. The goal this was identify differentially expressed genes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and examine their potential role tumorigenesis metastasis.

Language: Английский

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Breakthroughs in nanoparticle-based strategies for pancreatic cancer therapy

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 116685 - 116685

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, mainly due to its high heterogeneity, resistance therapy and late diagnosis, with a 5-year survival rate less than 10%. This dismal prognosis has promoted strategies develop more effective treatments. Nanoparticle-based have emerged, in last decades, as great opportunity because they can enhance drug delivery promote controlled release, presenting lower side effects conventional therapeutic regimens. Moreover, nanoparticles often be modified target specific cells or achieve sustained release drugs into tumor. However, very few nanoparticle-based therapies are clinically approved. Concretely for pancreatic cancer treatment only two nanoformulations been approved by US Food Drug Administration (FDA) European Medicines Agency (EMA) so far. Clinical translation remains challenge modern medicine, particular therapy, complexity disease, lack studies performed relevant vitro vivo models. In this review, we summarized most recent clinical trials using formulations PDAC, giving small context diverse types employed advancements field.

Language: Английский

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Spatially Variable Genes

Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 28

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

The clinical translation of spatial transcriptomics represents cancer diagnosis and therapy based on the role heterogeneity cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent developments in have enabled a detailed characterization organization cellular interactions tumors. data integration, multi-omics approaches, along with developing standardized protocols is essential for effective translation. experimental selection regimes factorial designs reveals novel insights into biomarkers prognostic value CAFs. incorporation optogenetics advancements bio-engineered gene circuits, therapeutics tissue engineering further underscores potential to refine patient stratification improve treatment responsiveness. By integrating workflows, this work aims advance personalized therapies biology.

Language: Английский

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