The Benefits and Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 4335 - 4357

Published: March 1, 2025

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have transformed cancer treatment by providing highly targeted and effective therapies that specifically attack cells, thus reducing the likelihood of adverse events (AEs) in patients. mAbs exert their action through various mechanisms, such as receptor blockade, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent (CDC), inhibition immune checkpoints (eg, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4). These led to significant improvements several cancers, including HER2-positive breast cancer, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), melanoma. The efficacy mAb therapy is influenced intrinsic extrinsic factors, environmental exposures, psychosocial infection status, ways life, tumor microenvironment (TME), all which can impact responses outcomes. Notably, therapeutic benefits are often accompanied immune-related AEs (irAEs), vary from mild severe affect multiple organ systems. dual nature mAbs-stimulating antitumor while also inducing side effects-presents a notable challenge clinical practice. This review highlights importance proactive strategies for managing irAEs, early detection, corticosteroid use, immunosuppressive treatments, urgent need reliable predictive biomarkers improve Advancements prevention, prediction, management irAEs essential enhance safety effectiveness mAb-based therapies, ultimately aiming patient

Language: Английский

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Current treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma. A narrative review

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: April 29, 2025

Although basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are the most common skin cancer and usually considered as 'easy-to-treat,' locally advanced BCC (laBCC) metastatic (mBCC) rather exceptional often more 'difficult-to-treat.' They load a high burden on quality of life (QoL) patients, elderly frail individuals. Several management options possible, varying from supportive therapy without any therapeutic intervention until anti-programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy, such cemiplimab, either administered intravenously or intralesional. In between this spectrum, oral hedgehog inhibitors including vismodegib sonidegib, electrochemotherapy, different types radiotherapy, surgery can be considered. CAR-T therapy, anti-LAG multiple combination therapies currently under investigation for laBCC mBCC. Current future treatment mBCC, limitations approaches well some practical financial aspects presented. The mBCC patients is determined by multidisciplinary dermato-oncology board, dermatologists, medical oncologists, radiotherapists, pathologists, surgeons, patient's GP. Today, experts recommend keeping long possible sequential courses HHIs, if and/or radiotherapy not amenable.

Language: Английский

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Immunotherapy in Basal Cell Carcinoma

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(19), P. 5730 - 5730

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent of all cancers, with an increasing incidence. The first line therapy surgical excision, but topical therapies can be used in low-risk superficial BCCs, while more advanced, unresectable, or metastatic BCCs benefit from systemic hedgehog inhibitors and immunotherapy. purpose this review to highlight local immunotherapies their efficacy management BCCs. Local considered nodular imiquimod frequently for its antitumor immunoregulatory properties. Imiquimod alone demonstrated higher histological clearance rates, patients treated experienced adverse events than ones other therapies. as adjuvant before Mohs micrographic surgery also combined therapies, like curettage, electrodesiccation, cryosurgery, photodynamic therapy, some treatment methods yielding results comparable surgery. Interferons Interleukin-2 were evaluated a small number studies different results. Systemic programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) showed inconsistent advanced being effective that progressed on intolerant pathway (HHI).

Language: Английский

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Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Skin Basal Cell Carcinomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Global Th1 Preponderance with Th17 Enrichment—A Cross-Sectional Study

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 964 - 964

Published: June 3, 2024

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous (SCCs) are high-incidence, non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). The success of immune-targeted therapies in advanced NMSCs led us to anticipate that harbored significant populations tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with potential anti-tumor activity. main aim this study was characterize T cells infiltrating NMSCs. Flow cytometry immunohistochemistry were used assess, respectively, the proportions densities subpopulations BCCs (n = 118), SCCs 33), normal (NS, n 30). CD8+ cells, CD4+ subsets, namely, Th1, Th2, Th17, Th9, regulatory (Tregs), memory γδ compared between NS samples. Remarkably, both featured a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio (~four-fold) an enrichment for Th17 cells. also showed IFN-γ-producing CD8+T depletion Using immunohistochemistry, denser infiltrates (CD4+, CD8+, Tregs) than NS. Overall, these data favor Th1-predominant response SCCs, providing support immune-based treatments Th17-mediated inflammation may play role progression thus become therapeutic target

Language: Английский

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Unaddressed Challenges in the Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma?

Medicina, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(6), P. 884 - 884

Published: May 28, 2024

Background and Objectives: While the management of noninvasive cutaneous melanoma (CM) is typically limited to a secondary excision reduce recurrence risk periodic follow-up, treating patients with advanced presents ongoing challenges. Materials Methods: This review provides comprehensive examination both established emerging pharmacologic strategies for CM management, offering an up-to-date insight into current therapeutic milieu. The dynamic landscape treatment explored, highlighting efficacy immune checkpoint inhibitors targeted therapies, either in monotherapy or combination regimens. Additionally, investigations novel modalities are thoroughly discussed, reflecting evolving nature management. Results: undergoing significant transformation. Although various exist, there remains critical need particularly certain stages cases resistant options. Conclusions: Consequently, further studies warranted identify new avenues optimize utilization existing drugs.

Language: Английский

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