ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 2858 - 2870
Published: Jan. 11, 2025
Wastewater
treatment
has
been
regarded
as
an
effective
solution
in
lowering
the
potential
environmental
hazards
caused
by
palm
oil
mill
effluent
(POME).
To
ensure
efficient
remediation
of
POME,
implementation
a
promising
strategy
is
necessary
to
overcome
limitations
conventional
water
methods
for
this
pollutant.
In
study,
synthesis
carbon,
nitrogen
codoped
titanium
dioxide
nanoparticles
(C,
N-TiO2
NPs)
was
successfully
performed
sol-gel
approach
POME
model
pollutant
under
solar
light
irradiation.
The
synthesized
C,
NPs
displayed
unique
characteristics
including
anatase
phase
with
average
crystallite
size
11.35
nm
and
irregular
spherical
structures.
Additionally,
possessed
lower
band
gap
energy
2.95
eV
than
3.2
V
bulk
TiO2
slower
electron-hole
(e--h+)
pair
recombination
rate
evidenced
photoluminescence
(PL)
studies.
adsorption
isotherm
study
most
compatible
Langmuir
model,
degradation
kinetics
proceeded
according
first-order
kinetics.
Accordingly,
photocatalytic
maximum
efficiency
100%
optimum
condition
pH
7
presence
0.12
g
photocatalyst
within
150
min.
scavenging
showed
that
superoxide
radical
(•O2
-)
primary
active
species
photodegradation.
Finally,
reusability
analysis
confirmed
could
be
reused
five
cycles,
making
them
photocatalysts
wastewater
treatment.
Journal of Water Process Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
54, P. 103880 - 103880
Published: June 16, 2023
Pharmaceuticals
in
the
concentration
range
of
hundreds
ng/L
to
μg/L
occur
wastewater
and
end
up
surface
water,
groundwater
agricultural
land
where
they
cause
various
health
risks.
These
pollutants
are
classified
as
emerging
cannot
be
efficiently
removed
by
conventional
treatment
processes.
The
use
nano-enabled
photocatalysts
removal
pharmaceuticals
aquatic
systems
has
recently
received
research
attention
owing
their
enhanced
properties
effectiveness.
industrial
scale
application
photocatalytic
technology
is
still
limited.
A
comprehensive
review
on
from
real
using
therefore
necessary.
This
paper
reviews
literature
occurrence,
fate,
nano-sized
strategies
wastewater.
Modifications
through
doping,
deposition
supports,
introducing
magnetic
character
enhance
efficiency
recyclability
were
discussed.
synthetic
routes
influence
physical
chemical
which
can
either
or
inhibit
benefits
degradation
include
easy
recycling
exhibit
excellent
stability,
used
for
several
cycles.
Going
forward,
should
focus
on:
(1)
elucidation
photodegradation
mechanisms,
(2)
at
remove
multiple
pharmaceutical
compounds,
(3)
regeneration,
disposal
particularly
towards
large
application,
(4)
life
cycle
assessment
synthesis
(5)
lowering
cost
improving
efficiency,
(6)
investigating
toxicity
intermediates
photocatalyst
environment.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(5)
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
The
growing
population
and
the
unpalatable
ecological
impact
of
exploration
utilization
fossil-based
fuels
have
resulted
in
increased
demand
for
biofuel
as
an
alternative
fuel
engines
power
generation.
global
biodiesel,
a
prominent
member
biofuels
family,
has
continued
to
increase
over
past
decades
with
researchers
devising
various
means
intensify
cost-effective
production.
use
metal
oxide
nanocatalysts
is
one
feasible
strategies
meet
quality
biodiesel.
This
study
reviews
recent
advances
deployment
commonly
used
nanoparticles
such
MgO,
CaO,
TiO
2
,
ZnO,
ZrO
accelerate
sustainable
biodiesel
Converting
conventional
heterogeneous
catalysts
into
enhances
surface
configuration,
chemical
thermal
stability,
porosity,
crystallinity
nanocatalysts.
hasten
transesterification
reaction,
reduces
reaction
temperature
time,
yield.
Biodiesel
synthesized
aid
impeccable
meets
international
standards.
Notwithstanding
few
challenges,
application
engenders
production
contributes
energy
security.
More
innovative
collaborative
studies
are
needed
reduce
ethical,
economic,
infrastructural,
environmental
consequences
usage
nanomaterials
Processes,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 163 - 163
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Increasing
water
pollution
by
bio-recalcitrant
contaminants
necessitates
the
use
of
robust
treatment
methods.
Individual
methods
are
not
effective
against
these
emerging
organic
pollutants
due
to
their
stability
in
environment.
This
has
necessitated
advanced
integrated
systems
such
as
photocatalytic
membranes.
Synergy
reactive
membranes
effectively
degrades
pollutants.
review
presents
state
art
synthesis
and
application
wastewater
treatment.
The
study
critically
evaluates
pertinent
aspects
required
improve
performance
membranes,
tailored
material
synthesis,
membrane
fouling
control,
improved
photocatalyst
light
absorption,
visible
from
sunlight,
enhanced
reaction
kinetics
through
synergy,
regeneration
reuse.
Previous
studies
report
on
effectiveness
removal
synthetic
actual
wastewater.
As
such,
they
show
great
potential
decontamination;
however,
also
face
limitations
that
need
be
addressed.
identifies
challenges
provides
a
way
forward
increasing
photoactivity
titanium
oxide,
mitigation,
scalability,
improving
cost
effectiveness,
enhancing
stability,
other
relevant
scaling
up
efforts
lab
scale
industrial
scale.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Oct. 16, 2023
Nanotechnology
(NT)
and
nanoparticles
(NPs)
have
left
a
huge
impact
on
every
field
of
science
today,
but
they
shown
tremendous
importance
in
the
fields
cosmetics
environmental
cleanup.
NPs
with
photocatalytic
effects
positive
responses
wastewater
treatment,
cosmetics,
biomedical
field.
The
chemically
synthesized
TiO2
(TiO2
NPs)
utilize
hazardous
chemicals
to
obtain
desired-shaped
TiO2.
So,
microbial-based
synthesis
has
gained
popularity
due
its
eco-friendly
nature,
biocompatibility,
etc.
Being
NPs,
high
surface
area-to-volume
ratio
addition
their
degradation
nature.
In
present
review,
authors
emphasized
microbial
(algae,
bacterial,
fungi,
virus-mediated)
NPs.
Furthermore,
exhibited
food
sector,
automobile,
aerospace,
medical,
Chemical Engineering Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
291, P. 119918 - 119918
Published: Feb. 28, 2024
Experimental
tests
in
batch
and
continuous
modes
studied
the
impact
of
pH
presence
inorganic
ions
on
photocatalytic
properties
a
visible
light-activated
titanium
oxide
catalyst
doped
with
iron.
Significantly
enhanced
photocatalysis
was
observed
nitrate
iron
ions,
while
chloride
hindered
adsorption
using
Rhodamine
B.
A
strong
correlation
between
performance
noted,
along
connection
target
molecule
subsequent
degradation.
Supporting
polystyrene
pellets
reduced
performance.
However,
reuse
for
four
cycles
optimal
dosages
were
achieved.
In
system,
consistent
chemical
efficiency
maintained.
Over
8
days,
removal
rates
remained
around
35
%
43
NO3–.
Mechanically,
no
loss
from
support
observed.
These
findings
set
stage
potential
industrial-scale
applications.
