Royal Jelly Enhances the Social Status of Submissive Rats by Restoring Balance to the Disturbed Gut–Brain Communication

Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 819 - 819

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Royal jelly (RJ) has long been considered a crucial dietary component in dictating caste differentiation honeybees. As nutritional additive, royal imparts broad range of benefits to mammals and humans; however, its precise impact on the social hierarchy these advanced animals is not yet fully understood. This study aims determine whether can be transferred rats alter their ranks uncover underlying mechanisms. A submissive model was established by inducing dysbiosis rats, via persistent exposure vancomycin. at dose 2.5 g/kg daily administered subject during postnatal weeks (PNW) 6 7. At end intervention, were subjected agonistic, water tube competition tests, order assess dominance status. revealed results, RJ treatment significantly improved rank dysbiotic demonstrating that elicit positive effect behaviors (caused dysbiosis) rats. All behavioral paradigms yielded consistent with no notable differences body weight or anxiety levels. Regarding gut microbiome, vancomycin caused which partially reversed jelly. Specifically, intestinal presence Proteobacteria profoundly attenuated supplementation, resulting comparable level intact/dominant genus level, both Escherichia Clostridium displayed similar dynamics relation Proteobacteria, implying involvement RJ-mediated switching. Transcriptomic analysis medial prefrontal context showed expression genes influenced intake, embodying various pathways related neuronal transmission such as neuroactive ligan-receptor interaction, synaptic vesicle cycle, etc. By virtue correlation analysis, Escherichia, Akkermansia strongly associated set gene modules around gastrin releasing peptide (Grp) signaling Rps6ka3, establishing an intrinsic gut-brain communication. Furthermore, infection trials degraded RJ-remedied while series cerebral like Grpr Grpel1, well spine density, concordantly altered, underscoring critical role link deciding outcomes dyadic contests. In summary, this intriguing example how influence mammals, emphasizing importance microbe-host interaction mediating species-spanning function shaping hierarchy.

Language: Английский

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Developmental changes in brain-wide fear memory networks

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108037 - 108037

Published: March 1, 2025

Memory retrieval involves coordinated activity across multiple brain regions. Yet how the organization of memory networks evolves throughout development remains poorly understood. In this study, we compared whole-brain functional that are active during contextual fear recall in infant, juvenile, and adult mice. Our analyses revealed long-term change significantly postnatal development. Infant dense heterogeneous, whereas sparse have a small-world topology. While hippocampal subregions were highly connected nodes at all ages, cortex gained many connections Different matured different rates, but their developmental timing fell into three major categories: stepwise between two linear or inverted-U, with elevated connectivity juveniles. work highlights subset regions likely maintain important roles encoding, undergoes significant reorganization Together, these results provide blueprint for studying correlated cellular key areas distinctly regulates storage

Language: Английский

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Conditioned morphine tolerance promotes neurogenesis, dendritic remodelling and pro‐plasticity molecules in the adult rat hippocampus

Addiction Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Structural neuroplasticity of the hippocampus in form neurogenesis and dendritic remodelling underlying morphine tolerance is still less known. Therefore, this study, we aimed to assess whether unconditioned‐ conditioned‐morphine can trigger structural dorsal ventral parts adult male rat hippocampus. Evaluation levels markers (Ki67 DCX) by immunohistochemistry shows that conditioned sufficient increase baseline topographic level hippocampal rats. Dendritic spine visualization Golgi staining behavioural testing paradigms themselves are subregion‐specific changes along apical dendrites CA1 pyramidal neurons dentate granule cells Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Bdnf , Trkb Rac‐1 RhoA mRNA as pro‐plasticity molecules, effective changing In summary, demonstrate acquisition promotes neurogenesis, molecules such Bdnf/Trkb Indeed, may underlie newly formed aberrant memory could provide initial basis for understanding neurobiological mechanisms morphine‐tolerance plasticity

Language: Английский

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Exposure to enriched environment ameliorated chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like symptoms in rats via regulating the miR-92a-3p/kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) pathway

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 14 - 24

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Silencing of miR-92a-3p may be beneficial in relieving depression chronically stressed rats. The level kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) was increased the striatum depressed rats after ketamine treatment. Enriched environment (EE) ameliorated depression-like behaviors However, specific mechanism EE treatment on induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) remains unclear.After CUMS-induced male Sprague Dawley were treated under or/and Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-miR-92a-3p, behaviors, cognitive ability, dendritic spine density, as well levels and KLF2 detected behavioral tests, morris water maze test, Golgi staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) needed. body weight also measured. Next, primary hippocampal neurons cultivated. targeting relationship between analyzed TargetScan v7.2 dual-luciferase reporter assay. After transfected with mimic overexpressed vector, cell viability, apoptosis, together KLF2, brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF), phosphorylated (p)-tropomysin related kinase B (p-TrkB) TrkB determined MTT assay, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, western blot needed.EE elevated neuronal density level, but reduced tissues, while above effects reversed AAV-miR-92a-3p. MiR-92a-3p restrained along p-TrkB/ BDNF levels, promoted apoptosis neurons, which KLF2.EE ameliorates symptoms via regulating miR-92a-3p/KLF2 pathway.

Language: Английский

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Effects of endocrine disruptors on the electrical activity of leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and anxiety-like behavior in male mice

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 324, P. 121366 - 121366

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Catalpol rescues LPS-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of NF-Κb-regulated neuroinflammation and up-regulation of TrkB-mediated BDNF secretion in mice

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 319, P. 117345 - 117345

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Ginkgo Biloba Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-induced Memory Deficits via Rescuing Synaptic Damage

Current Medical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 474 - 482

Published: June 1, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Emerging evidence suggests that synaptic dysfunction associated with onset and progression of AD. Interestingly, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) one frequently investigated herbal medicines for enhancing cognition alleviating dementia. This study aimed to investigate effect mechanism EGb on AD-like disorders.Scopolamine (SCO)-induced rats were used mimic memory deficits. Morris water maze test fear conditioning conducted evaluate status in response different treatments. Then, synapse alterations assessed by Golgi staining, Western blotting was assess protein expression PSD95, GluN2B, synapsin-1, synaptophysin. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction applied detect mRNA PSD95 levels miR-1-3p/miR-206-3p.EGb supplement alleviated learning deficits induced SCO behavioral experiments. Moreover, treatment attenuated damage elicited SCO, manifested as increased dendritic spine density proportion mushroom-type spines hippocampal neurons. Further investigation indicated rescued synaptic-related proteins, especially decreased miR-1-3p/miR-206-3p rat hippocampus.The application effectively treats SCO-induced impairments probably suppressing elevating PSD95.

Language: Английский

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Post-Synapses in the Brain: Role of Dendritic and Spine Structures

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1859 - 1859

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Brain synapses are neuronal structures of the greatest interest. For a long time, however, knowledge about them was variable, and interest mostly focused on their pre-synaptic portions, especially neurotransmitter release from axon terminals. In present review is post-synapses, receiving converting messages. Upon further modulation, such messages transferred to dendritic fibers. Dendrites profoundly different axons; they shorter variable thickness. Their post-synapses two types. Those called flat/intended/aspines, integrated into fibers, very frequent in inhibitory neurons. The spines, small stemming protrusions, connected fibers by necks, almost all excitatory Several functions including post-synaptic densities associated proteins, nanoscale mechanisms compartmentalization, cytoskeletons actin microtubules, analogous forms. However other properties, as plasticity its learning memory, largely distinct. properties emersion growth, change shape decreases size up disappearance, specific. Spinal heads correspond independent signaling compartments. They motile, local fast, however transport through thin necks slow. When single spines activated separately, effects often lacking; when multiple concomitantly, take place. Defects responses, those place various brain diseases. Here alterations affecting symptoms future therapy shown occur neurodegenerative diseases autism spectrum disorders.

Language: Английский

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Dendritic spine loss in epileptogenic Type II focal cortical dysplasia: Role of enhanced classical complement pathway activation

Brain Pathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(3)

Published: Dec. 23, 2022

Abstract Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic sites for most excitatory glutamatergic synapses. We previously demonstrated a severe spine loss and synaptic reorganization in human neocortices presenting Type II focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), developmental malformation frequent cause of drug‐resistant epilepsy. extend findings, investigating potential role complement components C1q C3 pruning imbalance. Data from FCD were compared with those obtained epilepsies different etiologies. Neocortical tissues collected 20 subjects, mainly adults mean age at surgery 31 years, admitted to epilepsy neuropathological diagnosis of: cryptogenic, temporal lobe hippocampal sclerosis, IIa/b FCD. density quantitation, evaluated previous paper using Golgi impregnation, was available subgroup. Immunohistochemistry, situ hybridization, electron microscopy, organotypic cultures utilized study complement/microglial activation patterns. samples dendritic characterized by an classical pathway microglial reactivity. In same samples, close relationship between cells segments/synapses found. These features consistently observed IIb 1 3 IIa cases. other patient groups perilesional areas outside dysplasia, not loss, these observed. vitro treatment proteins slices tissue no sign induced reduction density. data suggest that dysregulation system plays microglia‐mediated loss. This mechanism, known be involved removal redundant synapses during development, is likely reactivated FCD, particularly IIb; local anticomplement drugs could principle modify course disease patients.

Language: Английский

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Tanshinone IIA ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment in rats through the BDNF/TrkB/GAT1 signaling pathway

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 938, P. 175385 - 175385

Published: Nov. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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