What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(22), P. 12314 - 12314

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways tumor progression. We performed systematic literature review (following PRISMA guidelines) focused on PD-L1 in PC. In PC cell lines, CpG island CD274 promoter negatively regulated expression. Histone modifiers also transcription rate: deletion silencing histone MLL3/MML1 can positively regulate drugs (EDs) may be promising reprogramming cells, reversing modifications, immune evasion. EDs promoting chromatin-inactive transcriptional state (such as bromodomain p300/CBP inhibitors) downregulated PD-L1, while favoring chromatin-active (i.e., deacetylase increased miRNAs at post-transcriptional level. miR-195/miR-16 were associated with correlated to longer biochemical recurrence-free survival; they enhanced radiotherapy efficacy lines. miR-197 miR-200a-c mRNA levels inversely large series. miR-570, miR-34a miR-513 involved regulation.

Language: Английский

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Prostate cancer stem cells and their targeted therapies

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among men worldwide. Through androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment, patients eventually succumb to castration-resistant prostate (CRPC). For this, stem cells (PCSCs), as a minor population of tumor that can promote relapse, ARSI resistance, and disease progression, are gaining attention. Therefore, specific therapy targeting PCSCs has momentum. This study reviewed identification characterization PCSC-based putative biomarkers summarized their mechanisms action. We further discussed clinical trials novel therapeutic interventions focused on PCSC-related pathways, PCSC microenvironment, cutting-edge miRNA therapy, immunotherapy approaches from mechanistic standpoint. review provides updated insights into plasticity, identifying new optimized treatments for with advanced PCa.

Language: Английский

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What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 7: PD-L1 Expression in Liquid Biopsy

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1312 - 1312

Published: Dec. 6, 2021

Liquid biopsy is an accessible, non-invasive diagnostic tool for advanced prostate cancer (PC) patients, potentially representing a real-time monitoring test tumor evolution and response to treatment through the analysis of circulating cells (CTCs) exosomes. We performed systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) describe current knowledge about PD-L1 expression in liquid biopsies PC patients: 101/159 (64%) cases revealed variable number PD-L1+ CTCs. Outcome correlations should be investigated larger series. Nuclear by CTCs was occasionally associated with worse prognosis. Treatment (abiraterone, enzalutamide, radiotherapy, checkpoint-inhibitors) influenced CTC levels. Discordance status detected between primary vs. metastatic tissue corresponding tissues. also released soluble exosomes, which could inhibit T cell function, causing immune evasion. PC-CTC genomic profiling may better characterize ongoing aggressive forms compared evaluation on biopsies/prostatectomy specimens (sometimes sampled long time before recurrence/progression). Myeloid-derived suppressor dendritic (DCs), have immune-suppressive effects microenvironment, been found patients circulation, sometimes expressing PD-L1. Occasionally, their levels correlated clinical outcome. Enzalutamide-progressing castration-resistant increased PD-1+ PD-L1/2+ DCs.

Language: Английский

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Relationship of microvascular density and tumor-associated macrophages with orofacial squamous cell carcinoma progression

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 138(4), P. 532 - 542

Published: June 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Assessing PD-L1 Expression in Different Tumor Types

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 21

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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