Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases

Circulation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147(20), P. 1534 - 1553

Published: May 15, 2023

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, cancer. associated with faster progression diseases higher risk mortality, falls, reduced quality life, particularly among older adults. Although pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, broad underlying cause sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic catabolic homeostasis or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular aging, illness, malnutrition, immobility development sarcopenia. Screening testing for may be important those disease states. Early recognition because it can provide opportunity interventions to reverse delay disorder, ultimately impact outcomes. Relying on body mass index not useful screening many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a phenotype cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) definition within context wasting disorders; (2) summarize associations different diseases; (3) highlight approach diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies sarcopenia; (5) outline key gaps in knowledge implications future field.

Language: Английский

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Inflammaging: Implications in Sarcopenia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 15039 - 15039

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

In a world in which life expectancy is increasing, understanding and promoting healthy aging becomes contemporary demand. the elderly, sterile, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation known as “inflammaging” linked with many age-associated diseases. Considering sarcopenia loss of strength mass skeletal muscle related to aging, correlations between these two terms have been proposed. Better knowledge immune system players would help elucidate their implications sarcopenia. Characterizing activators damage sensors downstream effectors explains inference performance. Sarcopenia has also diseases such diabetes, metabolic syndrome obesity. Implications inflammatory signals from negatively affect muscle. Autophagic mechanisms are closely inflammasome, autophagy eliminates stress signaling sent by organelles, but acts an immunomodulatory function affecting cells cytokine release. The use melatonin, antioxidant, ROS scavenger modulator, or senotherapeutic compounds targeting senescent could represent strategies counteract inflammation. This review aims present factors regulating inflammaging major order understand molecular involved

Language: Английский

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Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, muscle strength, independence, increased fat mass, due to physical activity, changes adipokines and myokines, satellite cells. People sarcopenic cause harmful myokines adipokines. These are decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory (LIF), fibroblast factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, apelin. While factors such myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), resistin increase. The consequences of these an increase inflammatory factors, degradation proteins, tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, includes increasing protein synthesis, myogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, brown fat, reducing white atrophy. Since some people chronic diseases not able do high-intensity exercises blood flow restriction (BFR) newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same hypertrophy training. Therefore, it seems exercise interventions can be effective way prevent exacerbation However, limited on obesity, more research needed.

Language: Английский

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Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 155577 - 155577

Published: April 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Insulin and cancer: a tangled web

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 479(5), P. 583 - 607

Published: March 4, 2022

For a century, since the pioneering work of Otto Warburg, interwoven relationship between metabolism and cancer has been appreciated. More recently, with obesity rates rising in U.S. worldwide, epidemiologic evidence supported link cancer. A substantial body seeks to mechanistically unpack association obesity, altered metabolism, Without question, these relationships are multifactorial cannot be distilled single obesity- metabolism-altering hormone, substrate, or factor. However, it is important understand hormone-specific associations Here, we review links metabolic dysregulation, insulin, cancer, an emphasis on current investigational adjuncts standard-of-care treatment.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D in Osteosarcopenic Obesity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1816 - 1816

Published: April 26, 2022

Osteosarcopenic obesity is a unique clinical condition where low bone and muscle mass coexist in individuals with obesity. Alterations adipose tissue, skeletal are strictly interconnected, vitamin D plays key roles several metabolic pathways that involved maintaining musculoskeletal health glucose homeostasis. We reviewed the available literature on mechanisms underlying osteosarcopenic obesity, focus role of pathogenesis treatment condition. found that, although evidence from large observational studies pre-clinical experiments strongly supports deficiency common belief improves lacks solid evidence, as trials specifically aimed at assessing effects supplementation patients not available, investigated other patient populations either showed no or even detrimental effects. conclude interventional including representative different sex, age race needed to better define this

Language: Английский

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The Current Landscape of Pharmacotherapies for Sarcopenia

Drugs & Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. 83 - 112

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exploring exercise-driven exerkines: unraveling the regulation of metabolism and inflammation

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e17267 - e17267

Published: April 29, 2024

Exercise has many beneficial effects that provide health and metabolic benefits. Signaling molecules are released from organs tissues in response to exercise stimuli widely termed exerkines, which exert influence on a multitude of intricate multi-tissue processes, such as muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, cardiovascular kidney, bone. For the effect, exerkines regulate homeostasis organisms by increasing glucose uptake improving fat synthesis. anti-inflammatory positively various chronic inflammation-related diseases, type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis. This review highlights prospective contribution regulating metabolism, augmenting effects, providing additional advantages associated with exercise. Moreover, comprehensive overview analysis recent advancements provided this review, addition predicting future applications used potential biomarker or therapeutic target benefit patients diseases.

Language: Английский

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Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 334 - 334

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The first part of this review highlighted the evolving landscape atherosclerosis, noting emerging cardiometabolic risk factors, growing impact exposomes, and social determinants health. prominent role atherosclerosis in bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease cancer was also discussed. In second part, we examine complex interplay multimorbid cardio-oncologic patients, harmful environments that lend a “syndemic” nature to these chronic diseases. We summarize management strategies targeting disordered factors mitigate explore molecular mechanisms enabling more tailored therapies. Importantly, emphasize early interception through multifactorial interventions detect subclinical signs (via biomarkers imaging) treat modifiable prevent clinical events. A concerted preventive effort—referred by some as “preventome”—is essential reduce burden atherosclerosis-driven diseases, shifting from mere proactive promotion “chronic health”.

Language: Английский

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Association of triglyceride glucose-related obesity indices with sarcopenia among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index-related obesity indices have been proposed as reliable indicators of insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the association between TyG and sarcopenia well their potential a tool for screening sarcopenic patients. A cross-sectional was conducted involving 7,161 participants aged 18 above from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. index indices, including glucose-body mass (TyG-BMI), glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) were determined using standard formulas. appendicular skeletal muscle BMI used assess sarcopenia. relationship investigated restricted cubic spline analysis multivariate logistic regression analysis. diagnostic value -related compared receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In fully adjusted model, positive correlation observed TyG-WHtR (for each one-unit increase in index: OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 2.71–4.71, P < 0.001). Additionally, analyses demonstrated significant predictor with highest odds ratio, reaching 12.50 (95% 6.13–25.70, 0.001) upper fourth quartile (Q4) first quartile, followed by TyG-BMI (Q4: 3.34; 1.92–5.80, TyG-WC 1.95; 1.04–3.68, RCS curve fitting indicated U-shaped diagnosis sarcopenia, an inflection point at 4.02. Furthermore, ROC analysis, AUC largest (0.79, ndex-related especially TyG-WHtR, shown be more effective identifying patients than alone.

Language: Английский

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