Gut-brain axis: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke through immune functions DOI Creative Commons
Shengyu Zhou, Zhen‐Ni Guo, Yi Yang

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

After an ischemic stroke (IS) occurs, immune cells begin traveling to the brain and system from gut gastrointestinal tract, where most of them typically reside. Because majority body’s macrophages more than 70% total cell pool are found within inflammation responses in organs require mobilization a large number cells. The bidirectional communication pathway between is often referred as gut-brain axis. IS usually leads intestinal motility disorders, dysbiosis microbiota, leaky gut, which associated with poor prognosis patients IS. In recent years, several studies have suggested that play key roles development IS, thus may become potential therapeutic targets can drive new strategies. However, research on after remains its infancy. A better understanding be important for developing effective therapies. This review discusses immune-related mechanisms axis compiles provide ideas strategies future treatment

Language: Английский

Protective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation against ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders: an update DOI Creative Commons

Tousif Ahmed Hediyal,

Chandrasekaran Vichitra,

Nikhilesh Anand

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

The bidirectional communication between the gut and brain or gut-brain axis is regulated by several microbes microbial derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, lipopolysaccharides. Gut microbiota (GM) produce neuroactives, specifically neurotransmitters that modulates local central neuronal functions. An imbalance intestinal commensals pathobionts leads to a disruption in dysbiosis, which affects barrier integrity gut-immune neuroimmune systems. Currently, fecal transplantation (FMT) recommended for treatment of recurrent

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Newer Therapeutic Approaches in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review DOI Creative Commons

Radhakrishna Reddi Sree,

Manjunath Kalyan,

Nikhilesh Anand

et al.

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 5148 - 5171

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related irreversible neurodegenerative affecting mostly the elderly population. The main pathological features of AD are extracellular Aβ plaques generated by APP cleavage through amyloidogenic pathway, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) resulting from hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and cholinergic neurodegeneration. However, actual causes unknown, but several studies suggest hereditary mutations in PSEN1 -2, APOE4, APP, TAU genes major perpetrators. In order to understand etiology pathogenesis AD, various hypotheses proposed. These include following hypotheses: amyloid accumulation, tauopathy, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate/excitotoxicity, deficiency, gut dysbiosis. Currently approved therapeutic interventions donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, which cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), memantine, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. treatment strategies focus on only symptomatic management attenuating symptoms not regeneration neurons or clearance Tau. This review focuses pathophysiology, novel targets, disease-altering treatments such as α-secretase modulators, active immunotherapy, passive natural antioxidant products, nanomaterials, antiamyloid therapy, aggregation inhibitors, transplantation fecal microbiota stem cells, microtubule stabilizers that clinical trials still under investigation.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Influence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation on Nutritional Status and Neural Plasticity: New Perspectives on Post-Stroke Neurorehabilitative Outcome DOI Open Access
Irene Ciancarelli, Giovanni Morone, Marco Iosa

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 108 - 108

Published: Dec. 26, 2022

Beyond brain deficits caused by strokes, the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation is strongly influenced baseline clinical features stroke patients, including a patient’s current nutritional status. Malnutrition, either as pre-stroke existing condition or occurring because ischemic injury, predisposes patients to poor rehabilitation outcomes. On other hand, proper status compliant with specific needs required process recovery plays key role in post-stroke rehabilitative outcome favoring neuroplasticity mechanisms. Oxidative stress and inflammation play stroke-associated malnutrition, well cascade events area, where damage leads neuronal death infarction, and, via cell-to-cell signaling, alteration processes underlying functional induced multidisciplinary treatment. Nutrition strategies based on food components oxidative anti-inflammatory properties may help reverse stop malnutrition be prerequisite for supporting ability plasticity result satisfactory patients. To expand recommendations recovery, studies considering evolution changes over time are required. The assessment must included routine tool settings integrated care stroke-patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Gut Microbiota in Ischemic Stroke: Role of Gut Bacteria-Derived Metabolites DOI
Wei Zhang,

Xiao Yu Dong,

Rui Huang

et al.

Translational Stroke Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 811 - 828

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation DOI Creative Commons
Jinchen Wang, Yi Zhong, Hua Zhu

et al.

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Abstract Background and purpose Stroke is associated with high disability mortality rates increases the incidence of organ-related complications. Research has revealed that outcomes prognosis stroke are regulated by state intestinal microbiota. However, possibility manipulation microbiota can alter sex-related remain unknown. Methods To verify different effects from sexes on outcomes, we performed mouse fecal transplantation (FMT) established a model ischemic stroke. Male female mice received either male or through FMT. Ischemic was triggered MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion), sham surgery served as control. Over next few weeks, underwent neurological evaluation metabolite inflammatory level detection, collected samples for 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Results We found when were not treated FMT, (especially Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio) levels three main metabolites tended to resemble those after experimental stroke, indicating induce an ecological imbalance in biological community. Through intragastric administration, gut altered other sex. In general, MCAO, survival rate increased, infarct area reduced, behavioral test performance improved, release beneficial promoted inflammation mitigated. contrast, much more hampered terms protection against brain damage recovery function. Conclusion A female-like community reduces systemic proinflammatory cytokines Poor be positively modulated following supplementation

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Multistrain Probiotics with Fructooligosaccharides Improve Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion–Driven Neurological Deficits by Revamping Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis DOI
Ziaur Rahman,

Nagesh A. Bhale,

Amol G. Dikundwar

et al.

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 1251 - 1269

Published: June 26, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications DOI

Wen Lin,

Xiaosu Zhao, Jiawen Cheng

et al.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 108541 - 108541

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Molecular Aspects of MAFLD—New Insights on Pathogenesis and Treatment DOI Creative Commons
Branka Filipović, Marija Marjanovic-Haljilji, Dragana Mijač

et al.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(11), P. 9132 - 9148

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Metabolic-associated liver disease (MAFLD) affects up to 70% of overweight and more than 90% morbidly obese people, its pathogenesis is rather complex multifactorial. The criteria for MAFLD include the presence hepatic steatosis in addition one following three criteria: or obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), evidence metabolic dysregulation. If specific are present, diagnosis can be made regardless alcohol consumption previous disease. pathophysiological mechanisms MAFLD, including inflammation, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial disfunction, oxidative stress, as well impact intestinal gut microbiota, constantly being elucidated. Treatment strategies that continually emerging based on different key points pathogenesis. Yet, ideal therapeutic option has still not been found future research great importance, represents a multisystemic with numerous complications.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke DOI
Sasan Andalib, Afshin A. Divani, Cenk Ayata

et al.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 947 - 962

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Trimethylamine-N-oxide and cerebral stroke risk: A review DOI Creative Commons

Phurbu Dolkar,

Tenzin Deyang,

Nikhilesh Anand

et al.

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106423 - 106423

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced by the action of microbiota and hepatic enzyme Flavin Mono‑oxygenase 3 (FMO3). TMAO level has positive correlation with risk cardiovascular events, including stroke, their influenced mainly dietary choice liver FMO3. plays role in development atherosclerosis plaque, which one causative factors stroke event. Preclinical clinical investigations on associated risk, severity, outcomes are summarised this review. In addition, mechanisms TMAO-driven vascular dysfunction also discussed, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, thrombus foam cell formation, altered cholesterol bile acid metabolism, etc. Post-stroke inflammatory cascades involving activation immune cells, i.e., microglia astrocytes, result Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, allowing to infiltrate brain further aggravate inflammation. This event occurs NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway through release cytokines chemokines that BBB initiate recruitment cells brain. Thus, it's likely maintaining levels could be promising approach for treating improving complications.

Language: Английский

Citations

8