Published: Nov. 13, 2023
A historical analysis of the phylogeny Plecoptera is presented by reviewing major phylogenetic studies order. The study aimed to conduct a morphologic cladistic for Plecoptera, testing monophyly suborders, infraorders, and superfamilies proposed current classification using principle parsimony resolve character distribution conflicts. Two sets analyses were conducted. first recovered Systellognatha as monophyletic did not confirm Antarctoperlaria Euholognatha monophyletic. Subsequent identified sister group Euholognatha, challenging Arctoperlaria. Despite extensive previous research, unresolved aspects persist regarding Plecoptera's relationships, particularly need additional characters. To address this, described, time, anatomy, histology reproductive system, sperm morphology stoneflies tribe Anacroneuriini based on Neotropical fauna specimens. male system Anacroneuria Kempnyia comprises pair medially fused testes, showing variations in testicular follicle numbers. Spermatogenesis these genera intermittent, suggesting readiness mating upon emergence. Both exhibited long, filiform with distinctive head (acrosome nucleus) flagellum. While Anacroneuria's from males females had reduced or absent acrosomes, Kempnyia's showed evident acrosomes but commonly detached nuclei flagella. Seminal vesicles both housed spermatozoa bundles. These internal features—male female systems, morphology—serve valuable complementary methodologies. Keywords: Aquatic Insects; Stoneflies; Internal Anatomy; Morphology; Taxonomy; Phylogenetic Systematics; Anacroneuriini.
Language: Английский