Association Between Respiratory Infections and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 48 - 58

Published: July 2, 2024

: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Its incidence has dramatically risen during the last few decades. ASD multifactorial In addition to genetic factors, environment plays key role critical periods of neurodevelopment. The prenatal environment, as well perinatal postnatal exposures infection inflammation, are increasingly identified potential risk factors for autism can influence development increase disorders. Immune dysfunction dysregulation considered an important factor contributing pathogenesis may course severity disease. This study aims analyze data available in scientific literature regarding correlation between respiratory infections autism.

Language: Английский

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Acute rapamycin treatment reveals novel mechanisms of behavioral, physiological, and functional dysfunction in a maternal inflammation mouse model of autism and sensory over-responsivity

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 11, 2024

Abstract Maternal inflammatory response (MIR) during early gestation in mice induces a cascade of physiological and behavioral changes that have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In prior study the current one, we find mild MIR results chronic systemic neuro-inflammation, mTOR pathway activation, brain overgrowth followed by regionally specific volumetric changes, sensory processing dysregulation, social repetitive behavior abnormalities. Prior studies rapamycin treatment models focused on treatments might be expected to alter or prevent physical changes. Here, acute effects uncover novel mechanisms dysfunction related signaling. We within 2 hours, could rapidly rescue neuronal hyper-excitability, seizure susceptibility, functional network connectivity community structure, behaviors over-responsivity adult offspring persistent overgrowth. These CNS-mediated are also alteration expression several ASD-,ion channel-, epilepsy-associated genes, same time frame. Our findings suggest dysregulation is key contributor various levels dysfunction, including excitability, altered gene multiple cell types, connectivity, modulation information flow. However, demonstrate amenable rapid normalization these which both core comorbid ASD animals without requiring long-term alterations brain. Thus, restoring excitatory/inhibitory imbalance modularity may important targets for therapeutically addressing primary phenotypes, compensatory phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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The fetal programming effect of maternal immune activation (MIA) on the offspring’s immune system

Seminars in Immunopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(5)

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

The first 1000 days of life is a critical period development in which adverse circumstances can have long-term consequences for the child's health. Maternal immune activation associated with increased risk neurodevelopmental disorders child. Aberrant responses been reported individuals disorders. Moreover, lasting effects maternal on offspring's system reported. Taken together, this indicates that effect not limited to central nervous system. Here, we explore impact offspring. We describe and provide an overview alterations cytokine profiles, cell function, induction pre-clinical models. Additionally, highlight recent research COVID-19 exposure neonatal potential health Our review shows alters under certain conditions, but are conflicting inconsistent. In general, epigenetic modifications considered mechanism fetal programming. available data was insufficient identify specific pathways may contribute As consequence pandemic, more now focuses possible Future addressing response elucidate programming

Language: Английский

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Maternal influences on offspring food allergy

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 14, 2024

Summary The prevalence of allergies has been globally escalating. While could appear at any age, they often develop in early life. However, the significant knowledge gap field is mechanisms by which affect certain people but not others. Investigating factors and events neonatal life that have a lasting impact on determining susceptibilities children to area investigation as it promotes understanding immune system mediates tolerance versus allergies. This review focuses research over recent 10 years regarding potential maternal influence offspring with view food allergy, potentially life‐threatening cause anaphylaxis. role breast milk, diet, antibodies, microbiota suggested key regulating are discussed here. We also suggest future expand our maternal–offspring interactions pathogenesis allergy.

Language: Английский

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Potential key pathophysiological participant and treatment target in autism spectrum disorder: Microglia

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 131, P. 103980 - 103980

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Maternal immune activation does not affect maternal microchimeric cells

Biology Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12)

Published: Dec. 15, 2024

We are naturally chimeras. Apart from our own cells originating the fertilized egg, placental mammals receive small numbers of maternal called microchimerism (MMc) that persist throughout one's whole life. Not only varying frequencies MMc reported in seemingly contradicting phenomena, including immune tolerance and possible contribution to autoimmune-like disease, but observable even among healthy littermates showing cell type repertoire. These differences or types could be contributing diverse phenomena related MMc. However, factors biasing these remain largely unknown. Here, we tested whether immunological activation leads differing frequencies, based on recent study suggests most immune-related. Unexpectedly, fluorescence-activated sorting analysis murine spleen, thymus, liver following by mid-gestational lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injections detected no significant difference number, ratio of, immune-related embryonic organs offspring. findings suggest stable under immune-activated conditions, implying a control system migration against changes conditions.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota, Diet and Acute Leukaemia: Tips and Tricks on Their Possible Connections

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(19), P. 4253 - 4253

Published: Oct. 3, 2023

Acute leukaemia is probably one of the most recurrent cancers in children and younger adults, with an incidence acute lymphoblastic 80% cases myeloid 15% cases. Yet, while common adolescents, a rare disease whose aetiology still requires further analysis. Many studies have investigated leukaemia, reporting that formation gut microbiota may be modified by start development many diseases. Considering patients affected there inherent disequilibrium before treatment compared healthy patients, increasing evidence shows how dysbiosis provokes inflammatory immune response, contributing to cancer. Our analysis suggeststhe key role modulation efficacy as well progress cancers, such leukaemia. Therefore, this paper, we present examination information found literature regarding dietary factors alterations suggest possible future preventive therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Opium Consumption on Inflammatory Factors in Umbilical Cord Blood and Maternal Blood Postpartum: A Potential Contributor to Neonatal Complications

Journal of Drug Issues, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 10, 2024

Opium addiction during pregnancy can have significant effects on the activity of immune system as well outcomes. A study was conducted comparing opium-addicted pregnant women to healthy women. Blood samples were taken from maternal vein and umbilical cord immediately after delivery measure concentrations inflammatory markers. The results showed that group had significantly higher levels IL-6, IL-10, CRP, C3, C4 in both blood compared control group. Additionally, adverse outcomes such NICU admissions, neonatal deaths, low Apgar scores more prevalent These findings suggest opium lead postpartum inflammation negatively impact It is important address provide appropriate support treatment improve reduce risk complications.

Language: Английский

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Foetal gluten immunogenic peptides during pregnancy: a new determinant on the coeliac exposome

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 18, 2024

Abstract Background The increasing incidence of coeliac disease is leading to a growing interest in active search for associated factors, even the intrauterine and early life. exposome approach encompasses life course perspective from conception onwards has recently been highlighted. Knowledge exposure gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) utero could challenge chronology prenatal tolerance or inflammation, rather than after infant’s solid diet birth. Methods We developed an accurate specific immunoassay detect GIP amniotic fluid (AF) studied their accumulates, excretion dynamics foetal resulting AF swallowing. One hundred twenty-five pregnant women with different diets gestational ages were recruited. Results detectable at least 16th week gluten-consuming women. Although no significant differences levels observed during gestation, late pregnancy was not altered by maternal fasting, suggesting closed-loop entailing swallowing GIP-containing subsequent via kidneys. Conclusions study shows evidence, first time, establishes positive correlation intake. results obtained point novel physiological concept as they describe plausible circuit contained its through adds important new information understanding exposome.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal exposure to common infections and newborn DNA methylation: A prospective, population-based study

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 244 - 256

Published: July 29, 2024

Infections during pregnancy have been robustly associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes in offspring, yet the underlying molecular pathways remain largely unknown. Here, we examined whether exposure to common infections utero associates DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns at birth this turn relates offspring general population. Using data from 2,367 children Dutch population-based Generation R Study, first performed an epigenome-wide association study identify differentially methylated sites regions prenatal infection exposure. We also influence of timing by using self-reported cumulative scores for each trimester. Second, sought develop aggregate profile score (MPS) based on cord blood DNAm as epigenetic proxy tested MPS prospectively outcomes, including psychiatric symptoms, BMI, asthma ages 13–16 years. Third, investigated age acceleration – a marker biological aging. Across all analysis steps, our findings replicate 864 participants independent cohort (ALSPAC, UK). observed no or relation exposure, after multiple testing correction. 33 showed suggestive associations (p < 5e10 − 5; which one was nominally ALSPAC), indicating potential links genes immune, neurodevelopmental, cardiovascular pathways. While maternal reports internal hold out sample Study (R2incremental = 0.049), it did not ALSPAC 0.001), associate either cohort. Moreover, between across cohorts clocks. In contrast prior studies, reported differences exposed severe utero, do find evidence clinically evident aging within pediatric Future studies are needed establish exist but too subtle be statistically meaningful present sizes, they more similar discovery cohort, occur different tissues than blood, other may relevant mediating effect downstream outcomes.

Language: Английский

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