Skin Appendage Proteins of Tetrapods: Building Blocks of Claws, Feathers, Hair and Other Cornified Epithelial Structures

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 457 - 457

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Reptiles, birds, mammals and amphibians, together forming the clade tetrapods, have a large diversity of cornified skin appendages, such as scales, feathers, hair claws. The appendages consist dead epithelial cells that are tightly packed with specific structural proteins. Here, we review molecular expression patterns major types appendage proteins, namely keratin intermediate filament keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs) encoded by genes epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), including corneous beta-proteins, also known beta-keratins. We summarize current knowledge about components focus on keratins EDC recently been identified in reptiles birds. discuss gaps suggest directions future research.

Language: Английский

RORA Regulates Autophagy in Hair Follicle Stem Cells by Upregulating the Expression Level of the Sqstm1 Gene

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 299 - 299

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

The hair coat is an adaptive evolutionary trait unique to mammals, aiding them in adapting complex environmental challenges. Although some of the factors involved regulating follicle development have been characterized, further in-depth research still needed. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA), as a member nuclear family, highly regulation cellular states. Previous studies shown that autophagy plays significant role development. This study uses rat stem cells (HFSCs) model analyze impact RORA on levels HFSCs. Upon activation RORA, indicators such LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and MDC staining significantly increased, suggesting elevated level Following treatment with chloroquine, ratio, well expression BECN1 protein SQSTM1 protein, were markedly cells, indicating autophagic flux was unobstructed ruling out possibility impeded autophagy. Additionally, Sqstm1 gene increased after promoted cells. We found regulates transcription by binding its promoter region. believe promotes autophagy, particularly selective HFSCs, has potential become new target for provides theoretical foundation also offers insights diseases alopecia.

Language: Английский

Loss of TC-PTP in keratinocytes leads to increased UVB-induced autophagy

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Abstract Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can distort cellular homeostasis and predispose the skin to carcinogenesis. Amongst deteriorating effects of sun’s UVB on is formation DNA photoproducts. These photoproducts cause significant changes in structure conformation DNA, inducing gene mutations which may accumulate trigger cancer. Photoproducts are typically repaired by nucleotide excision repair. Notwithstanding, when repair mechanism fails, apoptosis ensues prevent accumulation restore homeostasis. This present study reports that T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) increase UVB-induced inhibiting autophagy-mediated cell survival damaged keratinocytes. TC-PTP deficiency 3PC mouse keratinocytes led autophagic vacuoles increased expression LC3-II. We established human TC-PTP-deficient (TC-PTP/KO) HaCaT cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system. TC-PTP/KO exhibited upon exposure, was accompanied LC3-II decreased p62 compared control cells. Pretreatment with early-phase autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine significantly reduced response irradiation comparison untreated late-phase chloroquine also viability after counterpart While engineered (Mock) cells, this not observed similarly treated However, treatment Examination squamous carcinomas (SCCs) revealed inversely correlated LC3 expression. Our findings suggest negatively regulates following contribute remove via apoptosis.

Language: Английский