Lysine and arginine methylation of transcription factors DOI Creative Commons
Benedetto Daniele Giaimo, Francesca Ferrante, Tilman Borggrefe

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Abstract Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are implicated in many biological processes including receptor activation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and protein turnover. Lysine’s side chain is particularly notable, as it can undergo methylation, acetylation, SUMOylation ubiquitination. Methylation affects not only lysine but also arginine residues, both of which epigenetic regulation. Beyond histone-tails substrates, dynamic methylation transcription factors has been described. The focus this review on these non-histone substrates providing a detailed discussion what currently known about hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), P53, nuclear receptors (NRs) RELA. role regulating stability function by acting docking sites for methyl-reader proteins via their crosstalk with other PTMs explored.

Language: Английский

Exploring the Potential of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy: Mechanisms, Advances, and Clinical Horizons DOI Creative Commons
Giorgio Giuseppe Carbone, Stefania Mariano, Alessandra Gabriele

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 176 - 176

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Proton therapy represents a groundbreaking advancement in cancer radiotherapy, leveraging the unique spatial energy distribution of protons to deliver precise, high-dose radiation tumors while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Despite its clinical success, proton faces challenges optimizing therapeutic precision and efficacy. Recent research has highlighted potential gold nanoparticles enhance outcomes. Due their high atomic number favorable biological properties, act as radiosensitizers by amplifying generation secondary electrons reactive oxygen species upon irradiation. This enhances DNA damage tumor cells preserving Additionally, functionalization with tumor-targeting ligands offers improved precision, making more effective against broader range cancers. review synthesizes current knowledge on mechanisms nanoparticle radiosensitization, preclinical evidence, technological hurdles that must be addressed integrate this promising approach into practice, aiming advance efficacy accessibility therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The influence of atomic number on the radiosensitization efficiency of metallic nanorods: A Monte Carlo simulation study DOI
Ali Taheri,

M.U. Khandaker,

Hans Rabus

et al.

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112589 - 112589

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species for Radiotherapy and Phototherapy DOI Creative Commons

Viet-Khang Nguyen,

Shiao‐Wen Tsai, I-Chun Cho

et al.

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 317 - 317

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gained significant attention as multifunctional agents in biomedical applications, particularly for enhancing radiotherapy. Their advantages, including low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and excellent conductivity, make them promising candidates improving treatment outcomes across various radiation sources, such femtosecond lasers, X-rays, Cs-137, proton beams. However, a deeper understanding of their precise mechanisms radiotherapy is essential maximizing therapeutic potential. This review explores the role GNPs reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through plasmon-induced hot electrons or radiation-induced secondary electrons, leading to cellular damage organelles mitochondria cytoskeleton. additional pathway enhances efficacy, offering new possibilities. Furthermore, we discuss emerging trends future perspectives, highlighting innovative strategies integrating into comprehensive provides insights mechanisms, potential clinical impact cancer treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Polyacrylic Acid-Coated LaB6 Nanoparticles as Efficient Sensitizers for Binary Proton Therapy DOI Creative Commons
M. S. Ryabtseva, М. В. Филимонова, А. С. Филимонов

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 515 - 515

Published: April 15, 2025

Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a rapidly advancing modality of hadron therapy. The primary advantage proton lies in unique depth-dose distribution characterized by the Bragg peak, which enables highly targeted irradiation area limited to tumor, while minimizing impact on healthy tissues. However, broader clinical adoption ion both economic and radiobiological constraints. One possible ways increase relative biological effectiveness (RBE) involves use radiosensitizers. Background/Objectives: In this work, we investigated efficacy using colloidal solutions lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) as sensitizers antitumor irradiation. This material has not yet been studied extensively so far, despite its promising physical chemical properties several reports biocompatibility. Methods: LaB6 NPs were synthesized femtosecond pulsed laser ablation, functionalized PAA characterized. safety was evaluated vitro Live/Dead assay cell cultures: EMT6/P, BT-474, vivo Balb/c mice after intravenous (i.v.) administration. binary model human ductal carcinoma mammary gland BT-474 female Nu/j intratumoral (i.t.) administration at dose 2.0 mg/mouse local (fractional exposure 31 Gy + 15 Gy). biodistribution LaB6-PAA animal body also evaluated. Results: Significant enhancement cancer death following demonstrated lines. Although observed comparatively lower—likely due high sensitivity xenografts—both monotherapy treatment well tolerated. Conclusions: show promise efficient capable enhancing therapy, offering potential path forward for improving therapeutic outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Lysine and arginine methylation of transcription factors DOI Creative Commons
Benedetto Daniele Giaimo, Francesca Ferrante, Tilman Borggrefe

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Abstract Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are implicated in many biological processes including receptor activation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and protein turnover. Lysine’s side chain is particularly notable, as it can undergo methylation, acetylation, SUMOylation ubiquitination. Methylation affects not only lysine but also arginine residues, both of which epigenetic regulation. Beyond histone-tails substrates, dynamic methylation transcription factors has been described. The focus this review on these non-histone substrates providing a detailed discussion what currently known about hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), P53, nuclear receptors (NRs) RELA. role regulating stability function by acting docking sites for methyl-reader proteins via their crosstalk with other PTMs explored.

Language: Английский

Citations

0