World Journal of Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
26(17), P. 1993 - 2011
Published: May 2, 2020
Non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
is
characterized
by
excessive
storage
of
acids
in
the
form
triglycerides
hepatocytes.
It
most
prevalent
western
countries
and
includes
a
wide
range
clinical
histopathological
findings,
namely
from
simple
steatosis
to
steatohepatitis
fibrosis,
which
may
lead
cirrhosis
hepatocellular
cancer.
The
key
event
for
transition
fibrosis
activation
quiescent
hepatic
stellate
cells
(qHSC)
their
differentiation
myofibroblasts.
Pattern
recognition
receptors
(PRRs),
expressed
plethora
immune
cells,
serve
as
essential
components
innate
system
whose
function
stimulate
phagocytosis
mediate
inflammation
upon
binding
them
various
molecules
released
damaged,
apoptotic
necrotic
cells.
PRRs
on
hepatocytes,
Kupffer
resident
macrophages
liver,
other
results
production
proinflammatory
cytokines
chemokines,
well
profibrotic
factors
microenvironment
leading
qHSC
subsequent
fibrogenesis.
Thus,
elucidation
inflammatory
pathways
associated
with
pathogenesis
progression
NAFLD
better
understanding
its
pathophysiology
new
therapeutic
approaches.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. 875 - 875
Published: April 3, 2020
Liver
fibrosis
due
to
viral
or
metabolic
chronic
liver
diseases
is
a
major
challenge
of
global
health.
Correlating
with
disease
progression,
key
factor
for
outcome
and
risk
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Despite
different
mechanism
primary
injury
disease-specific
cell
responses,
the
progression
fibrotic
follows
shared
patterns
across
main
etiologies.
Scientific
discoveries
within
last
decade
have
transformed
understanding
mechanisms
fibrosis.
Removal
elimination
causative
agent
such
as
control
cure
infection
has
shown
that
reversible.
However,
reversal
often
occurs
too
slowly
infrequent
avoid
life-threatening
complications
particularly
in
advanced
Thus,
there
huge
unmet
medical
need
anti-fibrotic
therapies
prevent
HCC
development.
while
many
candidate
agents
robust
effects
experimental
animal
models,
their
clinical
trials
been
limited
absent.
no
approved
therapy
exists
In
this
review
we
summarize
cellular
drivers
molecular
fibrogenesis
discuss
impact
development
urgently
needed
therapies.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: April 23, 2022
Transforming
growth
factor
β
(TGF-β)
has
long
been
identified
with
its
intensive
involvement
in
early
embryonic
development
and
organogenesis,
immune
supervision,
tissue
repair,
adult
homeostasis.
The
role
of
TGF-β
fibrosis
cancer
is
complex
sometimes
even
contradictory,
exhibiting
either
inhibitory
or
promoting
effects
depending
on
the
stage
disease.
Under
pathological
conditions,
overexpressed
causes
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
deposition,
cancer-associated
fibroblast
(CAF)
formation,
which
leads
to
fibrotic
disease,
cancer.
Given
critical
downstream
molecules
progression
cancers,
therapeutics
targeting
signaling
appears
be
a
promising
strategy.
However,
due
potential
systemic
cytotoxicity,
lagged.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
biological
process
TGF-β,
dual
tumorigenesis,
clinical
application
TGF-β-targeting
therapies.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: April 14, 2021
An
increasing
percentage
of
people
have
or
are
at
risk
to
develop
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
worldwide.
NAFLD
comprises
different
stadia
going
from
isolated
steatosis
steatohepatitis
(NASH).
NASH
is
a
chronic
state
inflammation
that
leads
the
transformation
hepatic
stellate
cells
myofibroblasts.
These
produce
extra-cellular
matrix
results
in
fibrosis.
In
normal
situation,
fibrogenesis
wound
healing
process
preserves
tissue
integrity.
However,
sustained
and
progressive
fibrosis
can
become
pathogenic.
This
takes
many
years
often
asymptomatic.
Therefore,
patients
usually
present
themselves
with
end-stage
e.g.,
cirrhosis,
decompensated
even
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
Fibrosis
has
also
been
identified
as
most
important
predictor
prognosis
NAFLD.
Currently,
only
minority
be
hence
referred
for
treatment.
not
because
largely
asymptomatic,
but
due
fact
currently
biopsy
still
golden
standard
accurate
detection
performing
harbors
some
risks
requires
resources
expertise,
applicable
every
clinical
setting
unsuitable
screening.
Consequently,
non-invasive
diagnostic
tools,
mainly
based
on
analysis
blood
other
specimens
imaging
developed
development.
this
review,
we
will
first
give
an
overview
pathogenic
mechanisms
evolution
serves
basis
subsequent
discussion
current
future
biomarkers
anti-fibrotic
drugs.
Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 411 - 438
Published: Oct. 21, 2022
Alcohol-associated
liver
disease
(ALD)
is
one
of
the
major
diseases
arising
from
chronic
alcohol
consumption
and
most
common
causes
liver-related
morbidity
mortality.
ALD
includes
asymptomatic
steatosis,
fibrosis,
cirrhosis,
alcohol-associated
hepatitis
its
complications.
The
progression
involves
complex
cell-cell
organ-organ
interactions.
We
focus
on
impact
dysregulation
homeostatic
mechanisms
regulation
injury
repair
in
liver.
In
particular,
we
discuss
recent
advances
understanding
disruption
balance
between
programmed
cell
death
prosurvival
pathways,
such
as
autophagy
membrane
trafficking,
pathogenesis
ALD.
also
summarize
current
innate
immune
responses,
sinusoidal
endothelial
dysfunction
hepatic
stellate
activation,
gut-liver
adipose-liver
cross
talk
response
to
ethanol.
addition,we
describe
potential
therapeutic
targets
clinical
trials
aimed
at
alleviating
hepatocyte
injury,
reducing
inflammatory
targeting
gut
microbiota,
for
treatment
Current Tissue Microenvironment Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2(3), P. 41 - 52
Published: July 23, 2021
Abstract
Purpose
of
the
Review
This
review
aims
to
summarize
current
knowledge
extracellular
matrix
remodeling
during
hepatic
fibrosis.
We
discuss
diverse
interactions
with
cells
and
surrounding
in
liver
fibrosis,
focus
on
molecular
pathways
mechanisms
that
regulate
remodeling.
Recent
Findings
The
not
only
provides
structure
support
for
cells,
but
also
controls
cell
behavior
by
providing
adhesion
signals
acting
as
a
reservoir
growth
factors
cytokines.
Summary
Hepatic
fibrosis
is
characterized
an
excessive
accumulation
matrix.
During
fibrogenesis,
natural
process
varies,
resulting
its
components,
mainly
collagens.
Signals
released
induce
activation
stellate
which
are
major
source
most
abundant
myofibroblasts
liver.
Graphical
abstract
