Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy radiotherapy are most common treatments for ovarian cancer, unsatisfactory results. Exosomes subpopulation extracellular vesicles, which have diameter approximately 30–100 nm secreted by many different types cells in various body fluids. highly stable effective carriers immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies shown that exosomes involved cellular responses microenvironment, influencing development therapeutic efficacy exhibiting dual roles inhibiting promoting development. also contain variety genes related to immunotherapy could be potential biomarkers diagnosis prognosis. Undoubtedly, great field immunotherapy. However, translation this idea clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it important understand how used regulate progression. In review, we summarize fluids mechanisms influence response. We discuss prospects clinical application exosome-based cancer.

Language: Английский

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Diagnostic biomarkers in ovarian cancer: advances beyond CA125 and HE4

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy, attributed to its insidious growth, non-specific symptoms and late presentation. Unfortunately, current screening modalities are inadequate at detecting OC many lack appropriate specificity sensitivity that desired from a test. Nearly 70% of cases diagnosed stage III or IV with poor 5-year overall survival. Therefore, development sensitive specific biomarker for early diagnosis utmost importance. Currently, guided by CA125, patient’s menopausal status imaging features on ultrasound scan. However, emerging evidence suggests combination CA125 HE4 (another serum biomarker) patient characteristics in multivariate index assay may provide higher than either alone detection OC. Other attempts combining various biomarkers into one such as OVA1, ROMA Overa have all shown promise. significant barriers exist before these can be implemented clinical practice. This article aims an up-to-date review potential which transform diagnostic landscape.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers and Strategies for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 2504 - 2512

Published: Oct. 13, 2020

Abstract Early detection of ovarian cancer remains an important unmet medical need. Effective screening could reduce mortality by 10%–30%. Used individually, neither serum CA125 nor transvaginal sonography (TVS) is sufficiently sensitive or specific. Two-stage strategies have proven more effective, where a significant rise above woman's baseline prompts TVS and abnormal sonogram surgery. Two major trials documented that this strategy has adequate specificity, but sensitivity for early-stage (I–II) disease must improve to greater impact on mortality. To the first stage, different panels protein biomarkers detected cases missed CA125. Autoantibodies against TP53 20% cancers 8 months before elevation 22 clinical diagnosis. Panels autoantibodies antigen–autoantibody complexes are being evaluated with goal detecting >90% cancers, alone in combination CA125, while maintaining 98% specificity control subjects. Other biomarkers, including micro-RNAs, ctDNA, methylated DNA, combinations ctDNA alterations, tested provide optimal first-stage test. New technologies also developed than image small volumes tumor. See all articles CEBP Focus section, “NCI Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Possible.”

Language: Английский

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Defining disease-related modules based on weighted miRNA synergistic network

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 106382 - 106382

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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The RNA-Binding Protein CELF2 Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression by Stabilizing FAM198B

Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 169 - 184

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

An increasing number of studies have clarified the functional roles RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in driving post-transcriptional mechanisms cancer progression. In this study, we integrated data from RBP database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) 10 ovarian tissues 8 normal identified an RBP, CUGBP- ETR-3-like family 2 (CELF2). We found that CELF2 expression was downregulated positively correlated overall survival (OS) progression-free (PFS) patients cancer. Altered led to changes proliferation, migration, invasion cells

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miRNAs and Chemoresistance: A Systematic Review

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 4608 - 4608

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Cancer is a leading public health issue globally, and diagnosis often associated with poor outcomes reduced patient survival. One of the major contributors to fatality resultant cancer development resistance chemotherapy, known as chemoresistance. Furthermore, there are limitations in our ability identify patients that will respond therapy, versus develop relapse, display limited or no response treatment. This leads being subjected multiple futile treatment cycles, results reduction their quality life. Therefore, an urgent clinical need tools at risk chemoresistance, recent literature has suggested small extracellular vesicles, exosomes, may be vital source information. Extracellular vesicles (EV) membrane bound involved cell-cell communication, through transfer cargo, which includes proteins, lipids, miRNAs. A defined exploration strategy was performed this systematic review order provide compilation key EV miRNAs predictive We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus databases using following keywords: OR exosomes EVs AND miRNA Chemotherapy Chemoresistance Recurrence from 2010 2020. found 31 articles reported EV-associated recurrence related Interestingly, studies same tumor type identified different microRNAs, few ones. Specifically, miR-21, miR-222, miR-155 displayed roles were common colorectal cancer, ovarian breast diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). miR-21 miR-222 favour whereas exhibited contrasting role, depending on primary tumor. Whilst high levels correlate chemotherapy DLBCL, it effective towards cancer. Thus, further research regarding these would beneficial terms designing novel counteract progression not-to-distant future.

Language: Английский

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miR-18a-5p derived from mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: June 7, 2022

Abstract Objective Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major threat to women’s health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key regulators in cellular communication by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs) that involved OC. This study probed into the mechanism of human MSCs derived-EVs (hMSC-EVs) regulating OC cell growth and chemotherapy resistance. Methods hMSCs EVs were isolated identified. After adding EVs, uptake CAOV3/ES2 (for vitro studies), proliferation, migration, invasion detected. Downregulated miRNAs hMSC-EVs screened miR-18a-5p expression patients was The prognosis analyzed. Binding sites NACC1 predicted validated. tissues measured RT-qPCR, its correlation with analyzed Pearson method. AKT/mTOR pathway activation assessed WB. cisplatin sensitivity EVs-treated CAOV3 evaluated via MTT assay tested tumor formation nude mice. Results suppressed invasion. downregulated low associated poor prognosis. EV-encapsulated targeted NACC1. upregulated tissues. knockdown overexpression both annulled inhibition on growth. AKT mTOR elevated activated cells. promoted carrying miR-18a-5p. Conclusion hMSC-EVs-derived inhibits invasion,

Language: Английский

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Current strategies for early epithelial ovarian cancer detection using miRNA as a potential tool

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 16, 2024

Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive and significant malignant tumor forms in female reproductive system. It leading cause death among gynecological cancers owing to its metastasis. Since preliminary disease symptoms are lacking, it imperative develop early diagnostic biomarkers aid treatment optimization personalization. In this vein, microRNAs, which short sequence non-coding molecules, displayed great potential as highly specific sensitive biomarker. miRNAs have been extensively advocated proven serve an instrumental part clinical management cancer, especially ovarian by promoting cell progression, invasion, delayed apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis cells, chemosensitivity resistance therapy. Here, we cover our present comprehension up-to-date microRNA-based approaches detect well current strategies, role microRNAs oncogenes or suppressor genes, their significance prognosis,

Language: Английский

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The Role of microRNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(19), P. 7093 - 7093

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecological cancer, and major cause of death mainly attributed to metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group small non-coding RNAs that exert important regulatory functions in many biological processes through their effects on regulating gene expression. In most cases, miRNAs interact with 3′ UTRs target mRNAs induce degradation suppress translation. Aberrant expression has been detected EOC tumors and/or fluids patients. Such dysregulation occurs as result alterations DNA copy numbers, epigenetic regulation, miRNA biogenesis. Many studies have demonstrated can promote or events related metastasis, such cell migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, interaction tumor microenvironment. this review, we provide brief overview biogenesis highlight some key regulations We summarize current knowledge how dysregulated, focusing those reported regulate Furthermore, discuss role promoting inhibiting Finally, point out limitations findings suggest future research directions field.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular MicroRNAs as Intercellular Mediators and Noninvasive Biomarkers of Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3455 - 3455

Published: Nov. 20, 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are released by different types of cells through highly regulated mechanisms under normal and pathological conditions. These extracellular miRNAs can be delivered into recipient for functional purposes, acting as cell-to-cell signaling mediators. It has been discovered that cancer release their surroundings, targeting or other cells, presumably to promote tumor development progression. associated with oncogenic and, because they quantified in blood bodily fluids, may suitable noninvasive biomarkers detection. This review summarizes recent evidence the role intercellular mediators, an emphasis on progression potential value solid tumors. also highlights biological characteristics enable them function regulators gene expression, such biogenesis, silencing mechanisms, subcellular compartmentalization, functions release.

Language: Английский

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