The Neuroscientist,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 20, 2024
Microglia
are
a
specialized
type
of
neuroimmune
cells
that
undergo
morphological
and
molecular
changes
through
multiple
signaling
pathways
in
response
to
pathological
protein
aggregates,
neuronal
death,
tissue
injury,
or
infections.
express
Trem2,
which
serves
as
receptor
for
multitude
ligands
enhancing
their
phagocytic
activity.
Trem2
has
emerged
critical
modulator
microglial
activity,
especially
many
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Human
TREM2
mutations
associated
with
an
increased
risk
developing
Alzheimer
disease
(AD)
other
diseases.
plays
dual
roles
neuroinflammation
more
specifically
disease-associated
microglia.
Most
recent
developments
on
the
mechanisms
emphasizing
its
role
uptake
clearance
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
aggregates
debris
help
protect
preserve
brain,
encouraging.
Although
normally
stimulates
defense
mechanisms,
dysregulation
can
intensify
inflammation,
poses
major
therapeutic
challenges.
Recent
approaches
targeting
via
agonistic
antibodies
gene
therapy
methodologies
present
possible
avenues
reducing
burden
This
review
highlights
promise
target,
Aβ-associated
AD,
calls
mechanistic
investigations
understand
context-specific
effective
therapies
against
Experimental Gerontology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
195, P. 112539 - 112539
Published: Aug. 8, 2024
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs)
are
a
class
of
neurological
disorders
marked
by
the
progressive
loss
neurons
that
afflict
millions
people
worldwide.
These
illnesses
affect
brain
connection,
impairing
memory,
cognition,
behavior,
sensory
perception,
and
motor
function.
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's,
Huntington's
examples
common
NDDs,
which
frequently
include
buildup
misfolded
proteins.
Cognitive-behavioral
impairments
early
markers
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
emphasizing
importance
detection
intervention.
Neurotrophins
such
as
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
critical
for
neuron
survival
synaptic
plasticity,
is
required
learning
memory.
NDDs
have
been
associated
with
decreased
BDNF
levels.
Physical
exercise,
non-pharmacological
intervention,
benefits
health
increasing
levels,
lowering
cognitive
deficits,
slowing
degradation.
Exercise
advantages
increased
well-being,
reduced
depression,
improved
skills,
neuroprotection
amyloid
accumulation,
oxidative
stress,
neuroinflammation.
This
study
examines
effects
physical
exercise
on
cognitive-behavioral
deficits
levels
in
limbic
system
impacted
neurodegeneration.
The
findings
highlight
necessity
including
into
NDD
treatment
to
improve
structure,
function,
total
As
research
advances,
becoming
increasingly
acknowledged
an
important
technique
treating
decline
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Clinical & Experimental Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
216(3), P. 221 - 229
Published: March 6, 2024
Microglia
are
specialized
immune
cells
unique
to
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
have
a
highly
plastic
morphology
that
changes
rapidly
in
response
injury
or
infection.
Qualitative
and
quantitative
measurements
of
ever-changing
microglial
considered
cornerstone
many
microglia-centric
research
studies.
The
distinctive
morphological
variations
seen
microglia
useful
marker
inflammation
severity
tissue
damage.
Although
wide
array
damage-associated
morphologies
has
been
documented,
exact
functions
these
distinct
not
fully
understood.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
how
is
synonymous
with
function,
however,
outcomes
can
be
used
make
inferences
about
function.
For
comprehensive
examination
reactive
status
cell,
both
histological
genetic
approaches
should
combined.
However,
importance
quality
immunohistochemistry-based
analyses
overlooked
as
they
succinctly
answer
questions.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(1), P. 119 - 119
Published: Jan. 13, 2024
The
infection
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
with
neurotropic
viruses
induces
neuroinflammation
and
is
associated
development
neuroinflammatory
neurodegenerative
diseases,
including
multiple
sclerosis
epilepsy.
activation
innate
adaptive
immune
response,
microglial,
macrophages,
T
B
cells,
while
required
for
efficient
viral
control
within
CNS,
also
neuropathology.
Under
healthy
conditions,
resident
microglia
play
a
pivotal
role
in
maintaining
CNS
homeostasis.
However,
during
pathological
events,
such
as
infection,
become
reactive,
cells
from
periphery
infiltrate
into
brain,
disrupting
homeostasis
contributing
to
disease
development.
Theiler's
murine
encephalomyelitis
virus
(TMEV),
picornavirus,
used
two
distinct
mouse
models:
TMEV-induced
demyelination
(TMEV-IDD)
seizures,
representing
models
epilepsy,
respectively.
These
have
contributed
substantially
our
understanding
pathophysiology
MS
seizures/epilepsy
following
serving
critical
tools
identifying
pharmacological
targetable
pathways
modulate
This
review
aims
discuss
host-pathogen
interaction
picornavirus
shed
light
on
current
multifaceted
roles
played
by
macrophages
context
these
complexes
viral-induced
disease.
Seminars in Immunopathology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(1-2)
Published: July 1, 2024
Activation
of
the
maternal
immune
system
during
gestation
has
been
associated
with
an
increased
risk
for
neurodevelopmental
disorders
in
offspring,
particularly
schizophrenia
and
autism
spectrum
disorder.
Microglia,
tissue-resident
macrophages
central
nervous
system,
are
implicated
as
potential
mediators
this
risk.
Early
development,
microglia
start
populating
embryonic
addition
to
their
traditional
role
responders
under
homeostatic
conditions,
also
intricately
involved
various
early
processes.
The
timing
activation
may
interfere
functioning
neurodevelopment,
potentially
leading
long-term
consequences
postnatal
life.
In
review
we
will
discuss
involvement
brain
development
prenatal
stages
life,
while
examining
effects
on
Additionally,
recent
single
cell
RNA-sequencing
studies
focusing
hypothesize
how
life
microglial
priming,
through
epigenetic
reprogramming,
be
related
disorders.
The Neuroscientist,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 20, 2024
Microglia
are
a
specialized
type
of
neuroimmune
cells
that
undergo
morphological
and
molecular
changes
through
multiple
signaling
pathways
in
response
to
pathological
protein
aggregates,
neuronal
death,
tissue
injury,
or
infections.
express
Trem2,
which
serves
as
receptor
for
multitude
ligands
enhancing
their
phagocytic
activity.
Trem2
has
emerged
critical
modulator
microglial
activity,
especially
many
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Human
TREM2
mutations
associated
with
an
increased
risk
developing
Alzheimer
disease
(AD)
other
diseases.
plays
dual
roles
neuroinflammation
more
specifically
disease-associated
microglia.
Most
recent
developments
on
the
mechanisms
emphasizing
its
role
uptake
clearance
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
aggregates
debris
help
protect
preserve
brain,
encouraging.
Although
normally
stimulates
defense
mechanisms,
dysregulation
can
intensify
inflammation,
poses
major
therapeutic
challenges.
Recent
approaches
targeting
via
agonistic
antibodies
gene
therapy
methodologies
present
possible
avenues
reducing
burden
This
review
highlights
promise
target,
Aβ-associated
AD,
calls
mechanistic
investigations
understand
context-specific
effective
therapies
against
