Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of cell origin and change functions phenotypes other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker therapeutic potential have generated broad interest, as evidenced by steady year-on-year increase in numbers scientific publications about EVs. Important advances been made EV metrology understanding applying biology. However, hurdles remain to realising EVs domains ranging from basic biology clinical applications due challenges nomenclature, separation non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation functional studies. To address opportunities this rapidly evolving field, International Society for Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information Studies Vesicles', which was first published 2014 then 2018 MISEV2014 MISEV2018, respectively. The goal current document, MISEV2023, is provide researchers with an updated snapshot available approaches advantages limitations production, multiple sources, including culture, body fluids solid tissues. In addition presenting latest art principles research, document also covers advanced techniques that are currently expanding boundaries field. MISEV2023 includes new sections on release uptake a brief discussion vivo study Compiling feedback ISEV expert task forces more than 1000 researchers, conveys research facilitate robust discoveries move field forward even rapidly.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and directions in studying cell–cell communication by extracellular vesicles

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 369 - 382

Published: March 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(18), P. 6466 - 6466

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells play a vital role in intercellular communication. EVs classified into several subtypes based on their origin, physical characteristics, biomolecular makeup. Exosomes, subtype of EVs, released the fusion multivesicular bodies (MVB) with plasma membrane cell. Several methods have been described literature to isolate exosomes from biofluids including blood, urine, milk, cell culture media, among others. While differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) has widely used exosomes, other techniques ultrafiltration, precipitating agents such as poly-ethylene glycol (PEG), immunoaffinity capture, microfluidics, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) emerged credible alternatives pros cons associated each. In this review, we provide summary commonly exosomal isolation focus SEC an ideal methodology. We evaluate efficacy array biological fluids, particular its application adipose tissue-derived exosomes. argue that isolated via relatively pure functional, methodology is reproducible, scalable, inexpensive, does not require specialized equipment or user expertise. However, it must be noted while good candidate method direct comparative studies required support conclusion.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Abstract Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, has emerged a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis prognosis prediction. Exosomes are subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle molecular cargoes from donor cells to recipient play crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Increasing studies suggest exosomes have great promise serve novel biomarkers liquid since large quantities enriched body fluids involved numerous physiological pathological processes. However, the further clinical application been greatly restrained lack high-quality separation component analysis methods. This review aims provide comprehensive overview on conventional technologies exosome isolation, characterization content detection. Additionally, roles serving potential biopsy diagnosis, treatment monitoring, prediction summarized. Finally, prospects challenges applying exosome-based precision medicine evaluated.

Language: Английский

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Modern isolation and separation techniques for extracellular vesicles

Journal of Chromatography A, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1636, P. 461773 - 461773

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound released from various origins. EVs play a crucial role in cellular communication and mediate several physiological pathological processes, highlighting their potential therapeutic diagnostic applications. Due to the rapid increase interests needs elucidate EV properties functions, numerous isolation separation approaches for have been developed overcome limitations of conventional techniques, such as ultracentrifugation. This review focuses on recently emerging modern including size-, charge-, affinity-based techniques while excluding ultracentrifugation precipitation-based due multiple limitations. The advantages drawbacks each technique discussed together with insights into Emerging all share similar features terms being time-effective, easy-to-operate, capable providing suitable desirable purity integrity applications interest. Combination hyphenation used yield best quality. most recent development using an automated on-line system selective trapping unit asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation allows reliable subpopulations human plasma.

Language: Английский

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The Machinery of Exosomes: Biogenesis, Release, and Uptake

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1337 - 1337

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Exosomes are a subtype of membrane-contained vesicles 40–200 nm in diameter that secreted by cells into their surroundings. By transporting proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and DNA, exosomes able to perform such vital functions as maintaining cellular homeostasis, removing debris, facilitating intercellular interorgan communication. travel all body fluids deliver molecular messages autocrine, paracrine well endocrine manners. In recent years, there has been an increased interest studying diagnostic markers therapeutic targets, since many disease conditions this machinery becomes dysregulated or hijacked pathological processes. Additionally, delivery exosomal miRNA already shown improve systemic metabolism inhibit progression cancer development mice. However, the subcellular exosomes, including biogenesis, release uptake, remains largely unknown. This review will bring details these processes up date with goal expanding knowledge basis for designing impactful exosome experiments future.

Language: Английский

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Updating MISEV: Evolving the minimal requirements for studies of extracellular vesicles

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(14)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract The minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (EVs, MISEV) is a field‐consensus rigour initiative the International Society Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV). last update to MISEV, MISEV2018, was informed by input from more than 400 scientists and made recommendations in six broad topics EV nomenclature, sample collection pre‐processing, separation concentration, characterization, functional studies, reporting requirements/exceptions. To gather opinions on MISEV ideas new updates, ISEV Board Directors canvassed previous authors society members. Here, we share conclusions that are relevant ongoing evolution other standardization efforts.

Language: Английский

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Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2767 - 2767

Published: Sept. 27, 2020

Breast cancer is the most common in women worldwide. Accurate early diagnosis of breast critical management disease. Although mammogram screening has been widely used for screening, high false-positive and false-negative rates radiation from mammography have always a concern. Over last 20 years, emergence “omics” strategies resulted significant advances search non-invasive biomarkers at an stage. Circulating carcinoma antigens, circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), microRNAs, extracellular vesicles peripheral blood, nipple aspirate fluid, sweat, urine, tears, as well volatile organic compounds breath, emerged potential diagnostic to supplement current clinical approaches earlier detection cancer. In this review, we summarize progress research these areas.

Language: Английский

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Isolation of extracellular vesicles with combined enrichment methods

Journal of Chromatography B, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1169, P. 122604 - 122604

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are currently of tremendous interest in many research disciplines and EVs have potential for development EV diagnostics or therapeutics. Most well-known single isolation methods their particular advantages disadvantages terms purity yield. Combining provides additional to improve the efficacy both This review assesses contribution using combined by performing a two-step systematic literature analysis from all papers applying year 2019. resulted an overview various being applied isolations. A second database was generated studies within first that fairly compared multiple determining yield after isolation. From these databases it is shown most used not per definition best based on yield, indicating more factors play role choice which method choose than only method. included ~60% isolations were performed with methods. The majority differential ultracentrifugation alone combination ultrafiltration. When determined clearly outperformed methods, regardless type starting material used. recommended point would be use size-exclusion chromatography since this method, especially when low-speed centrifugation, highest purity, while still providing reasonable

Language: Английский

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Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single‐particle analysis platforms

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6)

Published: April 1, 2021

We compared four orthogonal technologies for sizing, counting, and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles (EVs) synthetic particles. The platforms were: single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP-IRIS) with fluorescence, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) microfluidic resistive pulse (MRPS), nanoflow cytometry measurement (NFCM). EVs from the human T lymphocyte line H9 (high CD81, low CD63) promonocytic U937 (low high were separated culture conditioned medium (CCM) by differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) or a combination ultrafiltration (UF) size exclusion chromatography (SEC) characterized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Western blot (WB). Mixtures particles (silica polystyrene spheres) known sizes and/or concentrations also tested. MRPS NFCM returned similar particle counts, while NTA detected counts approximately one order magnitude lower EVs, but not SP-IRIS events could be used to estimate concentrations. For SP-IRIS, MRPS, profiles, smaller predominating (per power law distribution), sensitivity typically dropping off below diameters 60 nm. population mode diameter greater than 100 Additionally, able identify at least three distinct populations in mixture silica nanoparticles. Finally, tetraspanin phenotyping, platform fluorescence was detect two markers on same particle, either CD81 CD63. Based results this study, we can draw conclusions about existing capabilities that may useful EV biomarker development mechanistic studies.

Language: Английский

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