Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 851 - 851

Published: June 7, 2021

Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although whole MEVs appears to be functional importance growing infant, majority recent studies report on MEV subfraction exosomes (MEX) their miRNA cargo, which are in focus this review. MEX dominant miRNA-148a play key role intestinal maturation, barrier function suppression nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling may thus helpful prevention treatment necrotizing enterocolitis. miRNAs reach systemic circulation impact epigenetic programming various organs including liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown white adipose tissue as well bones. Translational evidence indicates that control expression global cellular regulators such DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important up-regulation developmental genes insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, regulation multiple receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-30b stimulate uncoupling 1, inducer thermogenesis converting into beige/brown tissue. have considered signalosomes derived from maternal lactation genome emitted promote immunological metabolic offspring. Deeper insights milk's molecular biology allow conclusion infants both "breast-fed" "breast-programmed". In regard, miRNA-deficient artificial formula not an adequate substitute breastfeeding, birthright all mammals.

Language: Английский

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miRNAs as cornerstones in adipogenesis and obesity

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 315, P. 121382 - 121382

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 279 - 308

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Abstract Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates as heat for thermoregulation. Beige a hybrid form of that shares characteristics with BAT. Dysregulation metabolism linked to various disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, infertility. Both adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such batokines, packaged extracellular vesicles or soluble signaling molecules play autocrine, paracrine, endocrine roles. A greater understanding the adipocyte secretome essential identifying novel molecular targets treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles regulating differentiation function, highlighting their potential biomarkers The browning has emerged promising therapeutic approach obesity associated Many agents have been identified, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems developed enhance efficacy. This review scrutinizes differences between white, brown, tissues, mechanisms involved development adipocytes, significant regulatory active different tissues. Finally, atherosclerosis, relationship cancer fertility crosstalk circadian system disorders are also investigated.

Language: Английский

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Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1530 - 1530

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

The increased worldwide prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and their related metabolic complications have prompted the scientific world to search for new possibilities combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), due its unique protein uncoupling 1 (UPC1) in inner membrane mitochondria, has been acknowledged as a promising approach increase energy expenditure. Activated brown adipocytes dissipate energy, resulting heat production. In other words, BAT burns fat increases rate, promoting negative balance. Moreover, alleviates like dyslipidemia, impaired secretion, resistance type 2 diabetes. aim this review is explore role total expenditure, well lipid glucose homeostasis, discuss possible activators humans treat obesity disorders.

Language: Английский

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Cancer-Associated Adipocytes in Breast Cancer: Causes and Consequences

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 3775 - 3775

Published: April 6, 2021

Breast cancer progression is highly dependent on the heterotypic interaction between tumor cells and stromal of microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are emerging as breast cell partners favoring proliferation, invasion, metastasis. This article discussed intersection extracellular signals transcriptional cascade that regulates adipocyte differentiation in order to appreciate molecular pathways have been described drive dedifferentiation. Moreover, recent studies mechanisms through which CAAs affect were reviewed, including adipokine regulation, metabolic reprogramming, matrix remodeling, immune modulation. An in-depth understanding complex vicious cycle crucial for designing novel strategies new therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 480 - 499

Published: July 1, 2021

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause obesity epidemic, genetic preposition contributes significantly imbalanced energy metabolism in obesity. However, variants loci identified from large-scale studies do not appear fully explain rapid increase last four five decades. Recent advancements next-generation sequencing technologies and tissue-specific effects epigenetic factors metabolic organs have advanced our understanding regulation The epigenome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA-mediated processes, characterized as mitotically or meiotically heritable changes gene function without alteration sequence. Importantly, modifications are reversible. Therefore, comprehensively landscape could unravel novel molecular targets for treatment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on roles such methylation acetylation, processes regulating metabolism. We also discuss therapeutic agents

Language: Английский

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Human Brown Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health: Potential for Therapeutic Avenues

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3030 - 3030

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities comprise a cluster of conditions including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases that has affected more than 650 million people all over the globe. Obesity results from accumulation white adipose tissues mainly due to chronic imbalance energy intake expenditure. A variety approaches treat or prevent obesity, lifestyle interventions, surgical weight loss procedures pharmacological reduce increase expenditure have failed substantially decrease prevalence obesity. Brown tissue (BAT), primary source thermogenesis in infants small mammals may represent promising therapeutic target obesity by promoting through non-shivering mediated mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Since confirmation functional BAT adult humans several groups, approximately decade ago, its association with favorable phenotype, intense interest on significance human physiology health emerged within scientific community explore potential for treatment diseases. decreased activity individuals indicates role setting On other hand, mass correlate lower body index (BMI), age glucose levels, leading incidence cardio-metabolic The increased cold exposure undetectable was associated fat sensitivity. deeper understanding interrelationship distribution deciphering proper strategies expenditure, either increasing inducing browning, holds promise possible avenues disorders.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Exosomal MicroRNA: Associations with Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Infant Body Composition at 1 Month of Life

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1091 - 1091

Published: March 27, 2021

Among all the body fluids, breast milk is one of richest sources microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs packaged within exosomes are bioavailable to breastfeeding infants. The role miRNAs in determining infant growth and impact maternal overweight/obesity on human (HM) poorly understood. objectives this study were examine select (miR-148a, miR-30b, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-let-7a miR-32) involved adipogenesis glucose metabolism relationship these with measures composition first 6 months life. Milk samples collected from a cohort 60 mothers (30 normal-weight [NW] 30 overweight [OW]/obese [OB]) at 1-month subset 48 3 lactation. Relative abundance miRNA was determined using real-time PCR. associations between interest weight one, three, six examined after adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, sex. miR-148a miR-30b lower by 30% 42%, respectively, OW/OB group than NW 1 month. negatively associated fat mass, free while positively percent fat, mass Maternal obesity content milk. An association specific observed during month life, suggesting potential infant's adaptation enteral nutrition.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA-455-3P as a peripheral biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 102459 - 102459

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unraveling Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Through the Use of Omics Technologies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1589 - 1589

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD), is the most prevalent disorder globally, linked obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk. Understanding its potential progression from simple steatosis cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) crucial for patient management treatment strategies. The disease's complexity requires innovative approaches early detection personalized care. Omics technologies-such genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, exposomics-are revolutionizing study of MASLD. These high-throughput techniques allow a deeper exploration molecular mechanisms driving progression. Genomics can identify genetic predispositions, whilst transcriptomics proteomics reveal changes in gene expression protein profiles during evolution. Metabolomics offers insights into alterations associated with MASLD, while exposomics links environmental exposures MASLD pathology. By integrating data various omics platforms, researchers map out intricate biochemical pathways involved This review discusses roles technologies enhancing understanding highlights diagnostic therapeutic targets within spectrum, emphasizing need non-invasive tools staging development.

Language: Английский

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