Intervention effects and long-term changes in physical activity and cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk of noncommunicable diseases in South Africa: a cluster-randomized controlled trial and follow-up analysis

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 26, 2023

Introduction Risk factors for noncommunicable diseases such as insufficient physical activity (PA), overweight or hypertension are becoming increasingly predominant among children globally. While school-based interventions promising preventive strategies, evidence of their long-term effectiveness, especially vulnerable populations, is scarce. We aim to assess the short-term effects and health KaziKidz intervention on cardiometabolic risk long-term, pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic changes thereof in high-risk from marginalized communities. Methods The was tested a cluster-randomized controlled trial between January October 2019 eight primary schools near Gqeberha, South Africa. Children with overweight, elevated blood pressure, pre-diabetes, and/or borderline dyslipidemia were identified re-assessed 2 years post-intervention. Study outcomes included accelerometry-measured PA (MVPA), body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), glucose (HbA1c), lipid levels (TC HDL ratio). conducted mixed regression analyses by profile, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests evaluate longitudinal subpopulation. Results found significant effect MVPA during school hours physically inactive children, active well girls. In contrast, lowered HbA1c TC ratio only values within norm, respectively. At follow-up, not maintained at-risk who showed decline MVPA, an increase BMI-for-age, MAP, ratio. Conclusion conclude that key settings which promote improve health; however, structural necessary ensure effective reach populations achieve sustainable impact.

Language: Английский

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Maternal–child consumption of ultra-processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages in informal settlements in Mumbai, India

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Abstract Background The global nutrition transition is associated with increased consumption of ultra-processed snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (UPF/SSB), contributing to the double burden child obesity undernutrition. Methods This cross-sectional study describes prevalence maternal UPF/SSB factors frequent in a convenience sample 749 children ages 6 months through years their mothers participating community-based oral health program five informal settlement communities Mumbai, India. Mothers were interviewed regarding characteristics, including tooth decay—milk, soda, tea sugar, sweets, chips/biscuits—using standardized questionnaires. Spearman correlations used assess for associations between various social frequency food categories. Chi-square tests differences patterns by age groups. Results Though reported soda was low among both children, nearly 60% consumed sweets chips/biscuits daily, four times rate mothers. Factors children’s included lower education level, UPF/SSB, greater number household members, amount money given child, closer proximity store. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that may promote consumption. nutritional dangers sugary drinks non-nutritious snacks young should be addressed across maternal–child health, education, service programs. Early childhood interventions involve entire family community emphasize need limit unhealthy from an early age.

Language: Английский

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Efeitos de intervenções de base escolar na pressão arterial de crianças com obesidade: metanálise

Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 1 - 7

Published: June 4, 2024

Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA), a systematic review with metanalysis was conducted to identify summarize effects of school-based physical activity interventions that sought control / or reduce blood pressure (systolic diastolic) in children adolescents overweight obesity. In September 2022, potential studies were searched five electronic databases (Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Web Science) reference lists. Randomized controlled trials schools involving assessment systolic diastolic aged 6 19 years obesity considered synthesis. The risk bias assessed using an adapted version Effective Public Health Practice Project tool (EPHPP). Metanalysis developed from random model. Four included. For pressure, summary effect -0.10 (95% CI: -0.39; 0.19; I2 = 0%) observed. indicated -0.33 -0.62; -0.04; 11%). Considering promising we suggest development more based practice obese populations, which may also add environmental elements, longer duration, multicomponent approaches, parent guardian involvement their strategies.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of anthropometric outcomes in Indian children during the COVID-19 pandemic using National Family Health Survey data

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: July 1, 2024

Disruptions in food, health, and economic systems during the COVID-19 pandemic may have adversely affected child health. There is currently limited research on potential effects of stunting, wasting, underweight status young children.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of BMI and HbA1c changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal population-based study

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 573 - 583

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract Purpose To compare the changes in body weight and glycemic control before during COVID-19 pandemic people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods In 47,065 individuals T1D from German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV), we compared adjusted mean BMI-Z-scores HbA1c as well distribution of individual between four periods March 2018 to February 2022, by sex age group (4- < 11, 11- 16, 16–50 years). Results At population level, only significant effects were a slight increase BMI Z-score prepubertal children (girls: + 0.03 first COVID year vs. before, P 0.01; boys: 0.04, 0.01) stabilization all subgroups or even improvement women (− 0.08%, 0.01). however, heterogeneity increased significantly (p 0.01), especially children. More gained 45% 35% COVID; 39% 33%). pubertal girls lost (30% 21%) fewer (43% 54%). had decreasing (prepubertal group: 29% 22%; girls: 33% 28%; 32% 25%) increasing values. stable values 37%). men, no observed. Conclusion This real-world analysis shows detrimental consequences two years on average, but reveals, beyond trends, greater variability at level.

Language: Английский

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