Immune
disorders,
characterized
by
dysregulation
at
cellular
and
inflammatory
levels,
result
from
a
complex
interplay
of
genetics
environmental
factors
that
lead
to
an
abnormal
immune
response
against
autoantigens,
triggering
tissue
damage.
Recent
research
highlights
reactive
antibodies
as
key
players
in
autoimmune
diseases
graft
rejection,
but
the
complexity
their
determination
limits
use
clinic.
Hence,
we
studied
specific
binding
profile
serological
panel
membranes
order
determine
whether
this
antigenic
could
be
used
diagnose
disorders
humans.
For
purpose,
cell
membrane
microarrays
spleen,
liver,
kidney
tissues
monkey,
rat,
human
were
developed,
sera
analyzed,
including
healthy
controls,
patients
with
transplant
patients.
A
significant
increase
antibody
reactivity
monkey
spleen
was
observed
serum
lupus
nephritis,
while
showed
enhancement
Human
embryonic
293
cells.
These
results
show
potential
importance
for
clinical
basic
purposes
studying
presence
IgG
antigens
biomarkers
disorders.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(13), P. 7062 - 7062
Published: June 27, 2024
In
inflammatory
bowel
diseases
(IBDs),
such
as
Crohn's
disease
(CD)
and
ulcerative
colitis
(UC),
the
immune
system
relentlessly
attacks
intestinal
cells,
causing
recurrent
tissue
damage
over
lifetime
of
patients.
The
etiology
IBD
is
complex
multifactorial,
involving
environmental,
microbiota,
genetic,
immunological
factors
that
alter
molecular
basis
organism.
Among
these,
microbiota
cells
play
pivotal
roles;
generates
antigens
recognized
by
antibodies,
while
autoantibodies
target
attack
membrane,
exacerbating
inflammation
damage.
Given
altered
framework,
analysis
multiple
biomarkers
in
patients
proves
exceedingly
valuable
for
diagnosing
prognosing
IBD,
including
markers
like
C
reactive
protein
fecal
calprotectin.
Upon
detection
classification
patients,
specific
treatments
are
administered,
ranging
from
conventional
drugs
to
new
biological
therapies,
antibodies
neutralize
molecules
tumor
necrosis
factor
(TNF)
integrin.
This
review
delves
into
targets,
biomarkers,
treatment
options,
monitoring
techniques,
and,
ultimately,
current
challenges
management.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 1727 - 1727
Published: March 17, 2024
Major
Depressive
Disorder
(MDD)
is
one
of
the
most
disabling
diseases
in
world.
MDD
traditionally
diagnosed
based
on
a
patient’s
symptoms,
which
can
lead
to
misdiagnosis.
Although
pathogenic
mechanisms
are
unknown,
several
studies
have
identified
mitochondrial
dysfunction
as
central
factor
onset
and
progression
MDD.
In
context
MDD,
alterations
metabolism
imbalances
energy
production
oxidative
stress,
contributing
disorder´s
underlying
pathophysiological
mechanisms.
Consequently,
identification
key
biomarker
for
early
accurate
diagnosis
represents
significant
challenge.
Faced
with
limits
traditional
treatments
antidepressants,
new
pharmacological
therapeutic
targets
being
investigated
such
ketamine/esketamine,
psychedelics,
or
anti-inflammatories.
All
these
drugs
show
potential
antidepressant
effects
due
their
speed
action
ability
modulate
neuroplasticity
and/or
motor
processing.
parallel,
non-pharmacological
studied,
like
Transcranial
Magnetic
Stimulation
(TMS)
Deep
Brain
(DBS),
recognized
neuronal
activity
offer
treatment
alternatives.
As
cellular
directly
related
respiration,
aim
this
review
examining
link
between
assessing
how
biomarkers
could
provide
more
objective
precise
diagnostic
tool,
exploring
other
addition
specific
focus
emerging
targets.
Finally,
detailed
analysis
strengths,
weaknesses,
opportunities,
threats
approaches
was
carried
out,
highlighting
challenges
that
must
be
addressed.
Cureus,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 13, 2024
This
review
offers
a
comprehensive
of
the
signals
and
paramount
role
neuroinflammation
plays
in
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's,
Huntington's,
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
The
study
explores
sophisticated
interactions
between
microglial,
astrocytic,
dendritic
cells
how
affects
long-term
neuronal
damage
dysfunction.
There
are
specific
pathways
related
to
mentioned
inflammatory
processes,
including
Janus
kinases/signal
transducer
activator
transcriptions,
nuclear
factor-κB,
mitogen-activated
protein
kinases
pathways.
Neuroinflammation
is
argued
be
double-edged
sword,
being
not
only
protective
agent
that
prevents
further
neuron
but
also
causative
factor
more
cell
injury
development.
concept
contrasting
inflammation
with
neuroprotection
advocates
for
use
therapeutic
techniques
seek
modulate
neuroinflammatory
responses
part
neurodegeneration
treatment.
recent
research
findings
integrated
established
knowledge
help
present
image
neuroinflammation's
impact
on
its
implications
future
therapy.
Inflammopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI),
which
is
characterized
by
motor
and/or
sensory
dysfunction,
presents
a
significant
health
challenge
resulting
from
mechanical
trauma.
Secondary
injury,
follows
the
trauma
and
driven
factors
such
as
inflammation,
plays
critical
role
in
SCI
pathophysiology.
Scientific
evidence
indicates
that
treatment
strategies
aimed
at
modulating
inflammation
during
acute
phase
of
alleviate
seconder
injury.
In
this
regard,
present
study
seeks
to
evaluate
effectiveness
certolizumab,
monoclonal
antibody
targeting
TNF-α
widely
used
various
inflammatory
diseases,
model.
study,
Control,
Trauma,
Trauma
+
Certolizumab
groups
were
established,
each
comprising
eight
male
rats.
One
hour
after
induction,
rats
group
administered
10
µg
dissolved
saline
intraperitoneally,
while
Control
received
an
equivalent
volume
saline.
After
Modified
Tarlov
Scoring
was
performed
on
seventh
day
experiment,
all
sacrificed.
The
effects
certolizumab
neuroinflammation
apoptosis
model
evaluated
using
histological,
biochemical,
molecular
analyses
blood
tissue
samples
obtained
downregulated
expression
TNF-α,
NF-κB,
IL-6.
addition,
evidenced
TUNEL
assay,
Caspase-3
(an
apoptotic
marker),
Score
results,
effectively
suppressed
inflammation-induced
neural
alleviated
locomotor
deficits.
exerts
neuroprotective
effect
against
secondary
damage
through
inhibition
apoptosis.
Journal of Fungi,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 296 - 296
Published: April 9, 2025
The
human
body
is
colonized
by
diverse
microorganisms,
with
bacteria
being
the
most
extensively
studied.
However,
fungi,
collectively
known
as
"the
mycobiota,"
are
increasingly
recognized
integral
components
of
microbiota,
inhabiting
nearly
all
mucosal
surfaces.
Commensal
fungi
influence
host
immunity
similarly
to
and
contribute
other
essential
functions,
including
metabolism.
This
emerging
understanding
positions
potential
biomarkers
for
diagnosis
prognosis
various
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
explore
dual
roles
both
commensals
pathogens,
antifungal
antibodies
serve
diagnostic
prognostic
tools,
especially
in
chronic
immune-inflammatory
non-communicable
diseases,
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
multiple
sclerosis,
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Finally,
address
current
challenges
outline
future
perspectives
leveraging
fungal
clinical
practice.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(4), P. 2025 - 2025
Published: Feb. 7, 2024
Immune
disorders
arise
from
complex
genetic
and
environmental
factors,
which
lead
to
dysregulation
at
the
cellular
inflammatory
levels
cause
tissue
damage.
Recent
research
highlights
crucial
role
of
reactive
antibodies
in
autoimmune
diseases
graft
rejection,
but
their
determination
poses
challenges
for
clinical
use.
Therefore,
our
study
aimed
ascertain
whether
presence
against
membrane
antigens
tissues
both
animal
models
humans
could
serve
as
biomarkers
patients
with
disorders.
To
address
this
issue,
we
examined
binding
profile
serological
a
diverse
panel
cell
membranes
spleen,
liver,
kidney
monkeys,
rats,
humans.
After
developing
microarrays,
human
sera
were
immunologically
assayed.
The
was
first
conducted
on
two
groups,
healthy
subjects
disorders,
then
optimized
transplant
patient
sera.
A
significant
increase
antibody
reactivity
specific
monkey
spleen
observed
serum
lupus
nephritis,
while
showed
enhancement
embryonic
293
cells.
These
results
show
potential
importance
basic
purposes
studying
IgG
patients'
immune
However,
it
is
important
note
that
these
need
be
verified
further
studies
larger
sample
size
confirm
relevance.
