Epicardial and Pericoronary Adipose Tissue, Coronary Inflammation, and Acute Coronary Syndromes

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(23), P. 7212 - 7212

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Vascular inflammation is recognized as the primary trigger of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, current noninvasive methods are not capable accurately detecting inflammation. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericoronary (PCAT), in addition to their role an energy reserve system, have been found contribute development progression artery calcification, inflammation, plaque vulnerability. They also participate vascular response during ischemia, sympathetic stimuli, arrhythmia. As a result, evaluation EAT PCAT using imaging techniques such computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), nuclear has gained significant attention. PCAT-CT attenuation, which measures average CT attenuation Hounsfield units (HU) tissue, reflects adipocyte differentiation/size leukocyte infiltration. It emerging marker shown prognostic value disease (CAD), being associated with development, vulnerability, rupture. In patients myocardial infarction (AMI), inflammatory microenvironment promoted by dysfunctional EAT/PCAT demonstrated, more recently, it rupture non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI). Endothelial dysfunction, known for its detrimental effects on vessels association progression, bidirectionally linked PCAT. modulates secretory profile endothelial cells plays crucial regulating tone district. Consequently, dysregulated hypothesized type 2 non-obstructive arteries (MINOCA) vasculitis. Recently, quantitative derived from angiography (CCTA) included artificial intelligence (AI) models cardiovascular risk stratification. These incremental utility predicting major adverse events (MACEs) compared characteristics alone. Therefore, analysis EAT, particularly through appears be safe, valuable, sufficiently specific method identifying subsequent high-risk plaque. findings supported biopsy vivo evidence. Although speculative, these pieces evidence open door fascinating new strategy The incorporation analysis, mainly could potentially lead improved stratification guide early targeted prevention intensive secondary at higher events.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and structure by ultrasound radiomics in acute and chronic coronary patients

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Improving Agility and Reactive Agility in Basketball Players U14 and U16 by Implementing Fitlight Technology in the Sports Training Process

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 3597 - 3597

Published: April 24, 2024

The main aim of this research was to evaluate the impact implementation Fitlight technology in process sports training and motor assessment on improvement agility reactive junior basketball players. age groups studied were under-14 (U14) under-16 (U16). This study included 70 male athletes, structured two experimental groups: U14 (18 subjects) U16 (17 subjects); control subjects). Arithmetic averages anthropometric characteristics subject group U14: height 172.89 cm, weight 58.22 kg, BMI 19.56; 165.44 50.17 18.53; U16: 179.94 70.82 20.35; 183.88 73.41 20.83. An 18-week program that integrates order develop coordination skills corrective implemented groups. six tests: T test, test with ball, Illinois ball. results showed statistically significant progress between initial final testing for group, p < 0.05. Cohen’s values above 0.8, which denotes a large effect size; these sizes small medium. comparative analysis groups, U16, highlights statistical differences favor all tests study. effectiveness incorporating advanced tools like training, particularly young approach surpasses traditional methods enhancing agility, suggesting paradigm shift towards technology-integrated sports.

Language: Английский

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Expression of Ceramide-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Heart Adipose Tissue of Cardiovascular Disease Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9494 - 9494

Published: May 30, 2023

Here, we examined the expression of ceramide metabolism enzymes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), epicardial (EAT) and perivascular (PVAT) 30 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) valvular heart (VHD) by means quantitative polymerase chain reaction fluorescent Western blotting. The EAT CAD showed higher genes responsible for biosynthesis (SPTLC1, SPTLC2, CERS1, 5, 6, DEGS1, SMPD1) utilization (ASAH1, SGMS1). PVAT was characterized mRNA levels CERS3, CERS4, SMPD1, enzyme (SGMS2). In VHD, there a high SGMS2 CERS3 CERS4 PVAT. Among CAD, SPTLC1 SAT EAT, SPTLC2 CERS2 all studied AT, CERS5 DEGS1 ASAH1 SGMS1 than those VHD. Protein ceramide-metabolizing were consistent gene trends. obtained results indicate an activation synthesis de novo from sphingomyelin cardiovascular disease, mainly that contributes to accumulation ceramides this location.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced Carotid Plaque Echolucency Is Associated with Reduced Cognitive Performance in Elderly Patients with Atherosclerotic Disease Independently on Metabolic Profile

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 478 - 478

Published: March 27, 2023

Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are related to an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in advanced age. In this study, we investigated the relationship between echogenicity performance patients with asymptomatic plaques. We enrolled 113 aged 65 years or more (72.4 ± 5.9 years) who underwent duplex ultrasound evaluate plaque by grey-scale median (GSM) neuropsychological tests assess function. The GSM values at baseline were inversely correlated number seconds required complete Trail Makin Test (TMT) A (rho: -0.442; p < 0.0001), TMT B -0.460; 0.0001) B-A -0.333; directly Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Verbal Fluency (VFT) score 0.217; = 0.021 rho: 0.375; 0.0001, respectively) composite z-score 0.464; 0.0001). After a mean period 3.5 0.5 years, 55 reevaluated according same study protocol. Patients value higher than 29 did not show any significant variation z-score. Instead, those ≤ showed worsening (-1.2; 0.0258). conclusion, demonstrates existence inverse echolucency function elderly disease. These data suggest that assessment if used appropriately, might aid identifying subjects for dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Overweight and Obesity in High School Students of 15-18 ages. A Cross-Sectional Study

Balneo and PRM Research Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(Vol.15, no. 2), P. 689 - 689

Published: June 21, 2024

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and identifying level excess weight obesity in older students between 15 18 years, as important benchmarks health order update recommendations regarding promotion an active healthy lifestyle. A cross-sectional conducted on a sample 400 subjects, (186 boys 214 girls), aged 18. Anthropometric data including: body height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI). Participants' BMI estimated using Percentile calculator for children teenagers 2 19. Study adolescents were defined underweight, normal (healthy) overweight, obese according CDC child growth characteristics age, sex, BMI. 350 (85.5%) subjects weight; 26 respondents (6.5%) 17 (4.25%), obese, while 7 (1.75%) underweight. analysis individual results male female points increased values mass males (18.81%), compared pupils (3%). Out total 186 students, 10.75% overweight category, 8.06% categorized constrast 2.80% girls (1%<), which is outstanding result, where practically does not exist. According this (for both sexes), relation gender, there more malnourished (2.33%), (1%<). Among high school Bosnia Herzegovina, number with relatively low from other countries. Based relevant study, we consider it necessary strategies promoting lifestyle physical activity eating habits specifics countries residence European trends. Keywords: BMI; students; overweight; obesity; status category; school.

Language: Английский

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Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Heart Characteristics Are Correlated with BMI and Predict Silent Myocardial Infarction in Sudden Cardiac Death Subjects: An Autopsy Study

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 2157 - 2157

Published: June 24, 2023

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a significant global public health issue and the leading cause of worldwide. Its etiopathogenesis complex multilayered, involving dynamic factors interacting with preexistent cardiovascular pathology, frequently unknown, resulting in rhythm disorders arrest; Methods: This study conducted retrospective descriptive analysis over one-year period, identifying 321 autopsy cases sudden deaths from Institute Legal Medicine Mures County, Romania, 2019. From cases, 189 reports were selected for based on inclusion exclusion; Results: The autopsies had mean age 61.16 years included 140 males 49 females. No differences found between silent myocardial infarction (SMI) no-SMI groups regarding demographic data. SMI group exhibited higher thickness LV (left ventricle), IV (interventricular septum), EAT LCx (epicardial adipose tissue at left circumflex artery), LAD anterior descending heart weight, BMI (body mass index). coronary artery showed incidence type V plaques, while right incidences VI plaque. also moderate severe valvular atherosclerosis, ventricle dilatation, lower mild dilatation. In addition, presence contraction band necrosis histological examination. Multivariate revealed that plaques arteries, LCx, LAD, thickness, BMI, are all independent predictors SMI; Conclusions: findings suggest SCD condition, its involves pre-existing pathology. risk similar to those ischemic disease. this could guide clinicians patients implementing preventive measures.

Language: Английский

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Association of epicardial adipose tissue with metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes: serial coronary computed tomography angiography study

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. 283 - 294

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Background/Aims: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) shares pathophysiological properties with other visceral fats and potentially triggers local inflammation. However, the association of EAT cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still debatable. The study aimed to observe changes associations in risk factors over time, as well investigate whether was associated CVD.Methods: A total 762 participants from Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) SNUH Gangnam Center were included this study. measured using coronary computed tomography angiography.Results: Baseline level positively body mass index (BMI), calcium score, atherosclerotic (ASCVD) 10-year glucose, triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but not cholesterol, low-density (LDL). At follow-up, levels increased all groups, low groups demonstrating a significant increase per year. Change change BMI, TG/HDL, while LDL, ASCVD score associated. Although CVD events, baseline information EAT, EAT/body surface area, or available.Conclusions: Metabolic risks, e.g., year, whereas classical not. actual event volume, warranting future studies combining qualitative assessments quantitative ones.

Language: Английский

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Pregnancy-Associated Spontaneous Coronary Acute Dissection as a Cause of Sudden Cardiac Death—Autopsy Findings and Literature Review: Is COVID-19 Related?

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(7), P. 1257 - 1257

Published: July 7, 2023

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of mortality globally (violent or non-violent), with few to no feasible remedies. The etiopathogenesis SCD involves a complex and multilayered substrate in which dynamic factors interact preexistent cardiovascular pathology, often undiagnosed untreated, rapid development rhythm disorders arrest. Cardiovascular disease rare but emerging factor maternal that can be justified by an upward trend mean age pregnant individuals. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) defined as non-traumatic non-iatrogenic separation arterial wall intramural hemorrhage without intimal tear. resulting hematoma compresses arteries, reducing blood flow causing myocardial ischemia. SCAD continues misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, managed atherosclerotic acute syndrome, may harm patients SCAD. latest research shows individuals who have had coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) also present coagulation abnormalities, so infection COVID-19 during pregnancy increase this hypercoagulable condition, thus increasing risk SCD. This study reports two cases over 35 years, one being infected SARS-COV2 month before event other tested positive admission, both asymptomatic, were declared healthy on periodic clinical evaluations, pregnancies weeks, normal fetal development, suddenly caused chest pain, dyspnea, loss consciousness, required emergency c-sections, died after they performed. In cases, was anterior-descending artery. percutaneous intervention second part represents literature overview COVID-19. addition hormonal changes, potential hormone-mediated triggers are still under discussion.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Vasa Vasorum: New Atherogenic Factor? A Case Report and Autopsy Findings

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Patients with COVID-19 demonstrate higher rates of cardiovascular complications, including thromboses and thromboembolism. One may suppose that the action SARS-CoV-2 transforms stable atherosclerotic plaques into unstable status. Cardiovascular complications in be caused by progressive viral alteration blood vessels, vasa vasorum. A lethal case ischemic brain disease cerebral atherosclerosis exacerbated a stroke during infection is briefly described. The results autopsy showed perivascular lymphocytic infiltration signs vasorum vasculitis thrombi adventitial microvasculature. data discussed article are interpreted context concept giving important role atherogenesis to

Language: Английский

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