Assessing Rutting and Soil Compaction Caused by Wood Extraction Using Traditional and Remote Sensing Methods

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 86 - 86

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Machine traffic during timber harvesting operations induces soil compaction, which is particularly evident in the formation of ruts. Visual inspection rut labor-intensive and limits volume data that can be collected. This study aims to contribute limited knowledge base regarding extent physical disturbance caused by machine on steep slopes evaluate utility LiDAR UAV photogrammetry techniques. The selected trails included single-pass uphill, downhill, three-pass round trip, five-pass trip trails, with an average slope 70.7%. Traditional methods were employed measure depth using a pin board assess bulk density (BD) porosity (SP) from samples. results revealed was 19.3 cm, while deepest ruts observed after single pass (uphill: 20.0 cm; downhill: 22.7 cm), where BD SP showed most significant changes. provides rare quantitative evaluation applicability remote sensing forestry comparing surface height collected via derived Mobile System (MLS) structure-from-motion (SfM). When compared measurements, MLS R2 value 0.74 RMSE 4.25 whereas SfM had 0.62 5.27 cm. For estimation, (16.0 cm) significantly underestimated values (19.3 (19.9 cm). These findings not only highlight potential limitations for assessing forest environments but also addressing gaps surrounding effects compaction terrain.

Language: Английский

---

Review of Photogrammetric and Lidar Applications of UAV

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 6732 - 6732

Published: May 31, 2023

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) combined with various sensors brings the benefits associated fast, automatic, and contactless spatial data collection high resolution accuracy. The most frequent application is possibility of effectively creating models based on photogrammetric lidar data. This review analyzes current possibilities UAVs. It provides an overview state art research selected parameters regarding their history development, classification, regulation, in surveying models. Classification regulation are national sources. importance usability this also carried out by analyzing UAV sensors. study explores discusses results achieved many authors recent years, synthesizing essential facts. By network co-occurring High-Frequency Words, addition, we visualized primary keyword context other keywords literary sources processed.

Language: Английский

---

Improving the Accuracy of Forest Structure Analysis by Consumer-Grade UAV Photogrammetry Through an Innovative Approach to Mitigate Lens Distortion Effects

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 383 - 383

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

The generation of aerial and unmanned vehicle (UAV)-based 3D point clouds in forests their subsequent structural analysis, including tree delineation modeling, pose multiple technical challenges that are partly raised by the calibration non-metric cameras mounted on UAVs. We present a novel method to deal with this problem for forest structure analysis photogrammetric particularly areas complex textures varying levels canopy cover. Our proposed selects various subsets camera’s interior orientation parameters (IOPs), generates dense cloud each, then synthesizes these models form combined model. hypothesize model can provide superior representation than calibrated an optimal subset IOPs alone. effectiveness our methodology was evaluated sites across semi-arid ecosystem, known diverse crown structures varied density due traditional pruning as pollarding. results demonstrate enhanced outperformed standard 23% 37% both site- tree-based metrics, respectively, therefore be suggested further applications based consumer-grade UAV data.

Language: Английский

---

How can UAV contribute in satellite-based Phragmites australis aboveground biomass estimating?

International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 103024 - 103024

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Phragmites australis (common reed) is a widely distributed emergent aquatic vegetation species in many wetland ecosystems, and its aboveground biomass (AGB) an important parameter for evaluating the carbon–nitrogen cycle wetlands. Satellite remote sensing (RS) powerful tool used to monitor spatio-temporal distribution of AGB within reedbeds over large area. However, when building models based on satellite data, especially medium resolution satellites, it difficult obtain ample properly measured samples which can be matched with image pixels due inaccessibility In this study, we proposed solution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Sentinel-2 allowed us estimate successfully map Nan Da Gang Wetland Reserve (NDG) China's Hebei Province close Bohai sea. First, experimental area (EA) NDG, model (R2 = 0.74, RMSE 174 g/m2) was built NDVI(534, 734) canopy height derived from UAV obtained EA. Second, resampled pixel image, sample set acquired spatial image. Finally, set, 0.59, 194 using RVI NDG reedbed. The study illustrated well that proficient obtaining enough build satellite-based estimation models.

Language: Английский

---

A review of 3D reconstruction from high-resolution urban satellite images

International Journal of Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 713 - 748

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Automated 3D reconstruction based on satellite images has become a research hotspot at the interdisciplinary of photogrammetry and computer vision. The results will play key role in understanding global information, monitoring national geographic urban construction, with inherent advantage coverage. Researchers have devoted substantial effort to develop state-of-the-art methods for two-view multi-view images. However, it is still challenging task obtain complete accurate due difference shooting angles between images, exposure differences building occlusions scenes. In this paper, we execute theoretical analyses experimental evaluations about popular towards following order two views multiple views: (1) advanced dense matching aimed are reviewed theoretically evaluated experimentally. (2) analysed detail experimentally WorldView-3 (3) fusion DSM assessed This review be helpful researchers dedicated enhancing accuracy completeness from

Language: Английский

---

UAV Photogrammetric Surveys for Trees’ Height Estimation

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

In the context of precision agriculture (PA), geomatic surveys exploiting UAV platforms allow trees’ dimensional characterization and crown identification. This paper focuses on use low-cost photogrammetry to estimate height, as part a project for phytoremediation contaminated soils. Two study areas (Area 1; Area 2) have been chosen, having different characteristics in terms mean height (5 m; 0.7 m), test procedure even challenging context. Three campaigns performed 1 at altitudes (30 m, 40 50 one flight is available 2 (42 m altitude). The implemented workflow involves elaboration point clouds DSMs using standard SfM approach, vegetation filtering, generation DTM GIS-based analysis obtain CHMs extraction heights based local maxima approach. UAV-derived compared with in-field measurements obtaining promising results 1, confirming applicability extraction, while application low trees was more problematic.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Differences in Structure from Motion Software on Image Processing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photography and Estimation of Crown Area and Tree Height in Forests

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 626 - 626

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

This study examines the effects of differences in structure from motion (SfM) software on image processing aerial images by unmanned vehicles (UAV) and resulting estimations tree height crown area. There were 20 flight conditions for UAV images, which a combination five altitude, two overlap, side overlap. Images then processed using three SfM programs (Terra Mapper, PhotoScan, Pix4Dmapper). The area determined, compared based estimations. number densified point clouds PhotoScan (160 × 105 to 50 105) was large other programs. estimated values each via Bonferroni multiple comparisons (statistical significance level set at p < 0.05). canopy showed statistically significant (p 0.05) 14 Terra Mapper 16 Pix4Dmapper, 11 Pix4Dmappers. In addition, 15 19 Pix4Dmapper. difference between value measured confirmed under 18 13 Pix4D. Moreover, RMSE rRMSE 5–6 m 20–28%, respectively. Although estimation accuracy any low, Pix4D many had smaller than software. As found SfMs conditions, we conclude that there estimates depending used. Pix4Dmapper is suitable estimating forest information, such as height, detailed monitoring disaster areas.

Language: Английский

---

UAV Photogrammetric Surveys for Tree Height Estimation

Drones, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 106 - 106

Published: March 20, 2024

In the context of precision agriculture (PA), geomatic surveys exploiting UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) platforms allow dimensional characterization trees. This paper focuses on use low-cost photogrammetry to estimate tree height, as part a project for phytoremediation contaminated soils. Two study areas with different characteristics in terms mean height (5 m; 0.7 m) are chosen test procedure even challenging context. Three campaigns performed an olive grove (Area 1) at flying altitudes (30 m, 40 and 50 m), one flight is available Area 2 (42 m altitude), where three species present: oleander, lentisk, poplar. The workflow involves elaboration point clouds through SfM (structure from motion) approach, digital surface models (DSMs), vegetation filtering, GIS-based analysis obtain canopy (CHMs) extraction based local maxima approach. UAV-derived heights compared in-field measurements, promising results obtained 1, confirming applicability extraction, while application (shorter seedlings) more problematic.

Language: Английский

---

Assessment of the Steering Precision of a UAV along the Flight Profiles Using a GNSS RTK Receiver

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 6127 - 6127

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

Photogrammetric surveys are increasingly being carried out using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Steering drones along the flight profiles is one of main factors that determines quality compiled photogrammetric products. The aim this article to present a methodology for performing and processing measurements, which used in order determine accuracy steering any drone profiles. study equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver. measurements were performed on two routes comprised parallel distant from each other by 10 m 20 m. was conducted under favourable meteorological conditions (windless sunny weather) at three speeds (10 km/h, km/h 30 km/h). cross track error (XTE), distance between UAV’s position profile, calculated transversely course, adopted as measure UAV Based results obtained, it must be concluded values XTE measures representative very similar not determined speed. XTE68 (p = 0.68) ranged 0.39 1.00 m, while XTE95 0.95) 0.60 1.22 Moreover, analyses demonstrated statistical distribution most gamma Weibull (3P) distributions.

Language: Английский

---

Influence of Ground Control Point Placement and Surrounding Environment on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Structure-from-Motion Forest Resource Estimation

Drones, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 258 - 258

Published: March 28, 2025

Ground control points (GCPs) are used in forest surveys employing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based structure from motion (SfM). In that context, the influence of surrounding environment on GCP placement requires further analysis. This study investigated effects and estimation information by UAV-SfM. Forest resource was performed using UAV (Inspire2) images SfM analysis (via Pix4Dmapper) under varying environmental conditions around GCPs within same stand. The results indicated had no significant effect processing, tree top extraction (the number extracted target trees 151 or 150), crown area (RMSEs ranged approximately 5 to 6.5 m2). However, when were placed open areas, height accuracy improved, without differences between estimated measured values (patterns A, B, D E, RMSEs 1.60 3.09 m; patterns C 5.69 7.92 m). These findings suggest UAV-SfM-based surveys, particularly for estimation, both GCPs, as well environment, crucial enhancing accuracy.

Language: Английский

---