As
one
of
the
fastest-growing
cities
in
India,
Varanasi
City
has
experienced
unplanned
and
rapid
land
use/land
cover
changes
recent
years.
This
study
quantifies
characterizes
spatiotemporal
patterns
its
peri-urban
areas
using
Remote
Sensing,
GIS,
Landscape
Metrics.
The
results
this
demonstrate
a
continuous
increase
built-up
vacant
lands
replacing
agricultural
land,
vegetation
cover,
water
bodies.
situation
substantially
hinders
cover-related
planning
capabilities
targets
areas.
dramatic
urban
expansion
city
resulted
landscape
composition
increased
heterogeneity,
leading
to
structural
complexities
at
both
class
levels.
type
dynamics
related
are
becoming
increasingly
challenging
for
local
planners
policymakers.
In
addition,
it
put
pressure
on
bodies
properly
manage
utilize
limited
resources.
thematic
landscape-based
spatial
information
from
facilitates
an
understanding
can
further
aid
best
possible
decisions
regarding
use
restoration
deteriorating
ecosystems.
The
present
study
aims
to
conduct
a
morphometric
analysis
of
the
Girna
River
Basin
watershed,
tributary
Tapi
in
Maharashtra,
India.
A
detailed
morphometry
was
performed
using
remote
sensing
and
GIS
Digital
Elevation
Model
(Aster
DEM)
SOI
toposheets,
various
drainage
basin
parameters
such
as
Linear,
Areal,
Relief
aspects
were
also
calculated.
comprises
2,137
streams
has
6th
order
stream
networks,
which
1,071,
526,
261,
125,
107,
47
are
first-,
second-,
third-,
fourth-,
fifth-,
sixth-order
streams,
respectively.
is
with
circular
shape,
dendritic
pattern,
coarse
texture,
longer
flow
duration
lower
areas.
bifurcation
ratio
lies
between
1
2,
indicating
that
geological
structure
does
not
have
significant
impact
on
patterns.
indicates
Basin,
high
slope
northwestern
part,
whereas
most
area
low
angle
very
gradient
ratio.
helps
understand
estimation
floods
near
because
rivers
chance
floods.
Determining
water
discharge
speed
volume
variables,
Drainage
Density
Stream
Frequency,
important
determine
river
channels
higher
values
both
cause
probability
flooding.
These
variables
temporal
variation
at
flows
when
flood
reaches
its
peak.
Planning
and
observing
of
land
use
cover
(LULC)
dynamics
is
imperative
for
economical
turn
events,
arranging
the
executives.
This
study
attempts
to
track
LULC
patterns
watershed
in
Kolhapur
District,
Maharashtra.
It
based
on
remote
sensing
(RS)
geographic
information
systems
(GIS).
Using
a
Maximum
Likelihood
Classifier
(MLC),
supervised
classification
was
used
create
maps
watershed.
uses
multispectral
satellite
data
demonstrate
Land
Use
Watershed
There
are
six
major
classes:
Settlement,
Agriculture,
Fallow
land,
Water
body,
Open
Forest.
The
identification
accounts
most
use.
In
this
study,
agriculture
land-use
pattern
district.
Agricultural
activities
were
observed
be
higher
eastern
part
area
i.e.,
watersheds
KR
55,
63,
64
than
66
71.
Deciduous
forests
also
occur
patches
these
watersheds,
with
degraded
found
intermittently
smaller
patches.
without
scrubs
large
throughout
area.
Small
barren
rocky
waste
66,
71,
77.
In
the
present
study,
effect
of
groundwater
on
agriculture
and
drinking
water
in
Bhandara
district
correlation
between
rainfall
were
studied.
Parametric
non-parametric
tests
used
study
to
show
distribution
trend.
Rainfall
data
collected
for
43
years
from
1971
2013.
The
trend
here
is
negative
at
stations
Tumsar,
Lakhandur,
Bhandara,
Pavani,
Mohadi,
whereas
positive
station
Sakoli
0.84
mm/year
increase.
While
studying
groundwater,
quality
index
was
calculated
using
several
parameters.
It
found
that
62.5%
good,
while
remaining
37.5%
not
potable
suitable
agriculture.
whether
potable,
a
total
16
parameters
considered,
out
which
two
samples
have
excessive
hardness
ten
low
nitrate
content.
Population
growth,
urbanization,
industrialization,
agricultural
activities
resulted
significant
pressure
resources.
degradation
due
natural
anthropogenic
matter
increasing
concern.
This
can
be
by
many
researchers
regional
planning.
In
this
study,
climatic
and
ecological
changes
over
the
past
170
years
(1839–2007)
were
investigated
from
a
sediment
core
of
Renuka
Lake
NW
Indian
Himalaya
using
proxies,
such
as
diatoms,
Chysophycean
Cyst
(C.C),
Chemical
Index
Weathering
(CIW).
Seven
benthic
one
planktonic
diatom
species
identified
in
lake.
The
diatoms
C.C
first
appeared
1903
AD
low
yields,
suggesting
initiation
lake
ecology.
Their
populations
increased
dramatically
1936
to
1972
then
started
declining
until
2007
AD.
continued
increase
suggests
breach
threshold
due
temperature
productivity.
mean
grain
size
elemental
geochemistry
results
also
support
response
diatom.
Aluminum
ascended
reached
its
maxima
(7.76%),
exhibiting
high
terrigenous
input
catchment.
showed
an
increasing
trend,
average
during
period
was
13.34
μm,
which
slightly
higher
than
value.
correlation
these
records
with
global
warming
indices,
Global
Temperature
Mean
Anomaly
(GTMA),
Northern
Hemisphere
(NHMTA),
methane
(CH
4
)
concentration,
carbon
dioxide
(CO
2
concentration
that
population
is
warming.
As
one
of
the
fastest-growing
cities
in
India,
Varanasi
City
has
experienced
unplanned
and
rapid
land
use/land
cover
changes
recent
years.
This
study
quantifies
characterizes
spatiotemporal
patterns
its
peri-urban
areas
using
Remote
Sensing,
GIS,
Landscape
Metrics.
The
results
this
demonstrate
a
continuous
increase
built-up
vacant
lands
replacing
agricultural
land,
vegetation
cover,
water
bodies.
situation
substantially
hinders
cover-related
planning
capabilities
targets
areas.
dramatic
urban
expansion
city
resulted
landscape
composition
increased
heterogeneity,
leading
to
structural
complexities
at
both
class
levels.
type
dynamics
related
are
becoming
increasingly
challenging
for
local
planners
policymakers.
In
addition,
it
put
pressure
on
bodies
properly
manage
utilize
limited
resources.
thematic
landscape-based
spatial
information
from
facilitates
an
understanding
can
further
aid
best
possible
decisions
regarding
use
restoration
deteriorating
ecosystems.
