Processes,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(5), P. 1264 - 1264
Published: April 22, 2025
This
review
discusses
the
potential
of
emerging
technologies,
as
well
their
integration
with
conventional
methods,
to
optimize
extraction
lignocellulosic
compounds
from
cocoa
pod
hull
(CPH),
an
agro-industrial
residue
that
represents
approximately
76%
total
weight
fruit.
CPH
is
primarily
composed
cellulose,
hemicellulose,
lignin,
and
pectin.
Emerging
technologies
such
microwave-assisted
extraction,
hydrothermal
treatment,
subcritical
water,
ionic
liquids,
deep
eutectic
solvents,
ultrasound
treatment
have
proven
effective
in
recovering
value-added
compounds,
especially
when
combined
techniques
improve
process
efficiency.
Furthermore,
use
high-voltage
electric
discharge
(HVED)
proposed
reduce
inorganic
contaminants,
cadmium,
ensuring
safety
by-products.
The
compounds’
applications
include
food,
pharmaceutical,
cosmetics,
agricultural,
biopolymer,
environmental
industries.
conversion
biochar
biofuels
via
pyrolysis
supercritical
also
discussed.
presents
opportunity
valorize
by-product
development;
however,
research
continues,
scalability
economic
viability
must
be
assessed.
Open Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract
The
depletion
of
resources
and
the
generation
significant
waste
pose
considerable
environmental
challenges.
Post-utilization
walnut
kernels
leaves
behind
substantial
amounts
shells
as
unused
residue.
Walnut
find
application
in
various
production
processes,
offering
an
opportunity
to
mitigate
impacts
through
resource
utilization.
This
study
investigates
influence
chemical
pretreatment
on
properties
liquefied
lignocellulosic
biomass,
specifically
focusing
a
prominent
material.
results
reveal
that
samples
subjected
alcohol
exhibited
lowest
degree
liquefaction
(85.00%
at
120°C
for
45
min),
while
highest
was
observed
after
alkaline
(90.76%
90°C
15
min).
Analyzing
functional
groups
shell
formed
during
addition
polyhydric
alcohols,
glycols,
organic
acids,
underscores
its
potential
diverse
bioproducts.
Pretreatment
significantly
increases
hydroxyl
(OH)
number,
irrespective
type,
temperature,
duration
pretreatment.
Compared
untreated
sample,
alkali
produces
OH
number
(1288.03
KOH/g),
surpassing
mean
values
acid
highlight
efficacy
tailoring
addressing
challenges
associated
with
accumulation.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(2), P. 385 - 385
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
The
problem
of
food
being
wasted
in
households
has
become
an
essential
challenge
recent
years.
Food
waste
can
be
valorized
accordance
with
the
principles
sustainable
development,
including
as
a
source
energy.
This
study
analyses
potential
anaerobic
fermentation,
pyrolysis,
ethanol
incineration,
and
composting
to
treat
waste,
focusing
on
its
energy
yield.
research
considered
two
scenarios
for
generating
Poland
both
near
term
(2030)
long
(2050).
Scenarios
were
proposed
regions
different
levels
urbanization
demographic
trends.
criteria
selection
technologies
energy-efficient
processing
from
identified,
taking
into
account
current
state
these
technologies,
their
prospective
changes,
nature
regions,
trajectory
generation,
spatial
generation
rate,
potential.
Technologies
like
methane
fermentation
thermochemical
methods
should
developed
densely
populated
areas
high
rate.
Among
processes,
fast
pyrolysis
will
provide
most
significant
benefits,
followed
by
moderate
biocarbonization—at
similar
levels.
Incineration
is
placed
between
carbonization
gasification.
In
less
lower
rates,
combining
substrates
co-processing
green
considered.
Biocarbonization
systems
integrated
rural
regions.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
final
step
in
the
downstream
processing
of
bioethanol
is
typically
removal
water
from
ethanol–water
azeotrope
(95.6
wt.%
ethanol)
to
obtain
fuel‐grade
ethanol
(>
99
wt.%).
This
can
be
done
by
various
techniques
including
distillation
(azeotropic
or
extractive),
membrane‐based
separation,
and
adsorption
using
molecular
sieves
bio‐based
adsorbents.
In
this
work,
a
waste
by‐product
carrageenan
production
studied
for
its
efficacy
as
adsorbent.
filter‐cake
(CFC)
material
primarily
composed
organics
(22
cellulose
carrageenan)
ash
(78
perlite)
inferred
proximate
analysis.
functional
groups
present
were
identified
FTIR
analyses,
surface
morphology
was
checked
FESEM.
Liquid
phase
isotherms
at
30°C,
40°C,
50°C
established
found
adequately
described
both
Langmuir
(
R
2
=
0.93
0.97)
Brouers‐Sotolongo
0.96
models.
An
enthalpy
change
about
−17
kJ/mol
computed
through
van't
Hoff
equation.
azeotropic
mixture
successfully
purified
above
99.2
CFC‐packed
column.
CFC
adsorbent
used
three
adsorption–desorption
cycles
without
much
loss
capacity.
Moreover,
Thomas
model
breakthrough
curves.
