Evolution of the (Energy and Atmosphere) credit category in the LEED green buildings rating system for (Building Design and Construction: New Construction), from version 4.0 to version 4.1

Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 5306 - 5306

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a certification program for quantitatively assessing the qualifications of homes, non-residential buildings, or neighborhoods terms sustainability. supported by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), nonprofit membership-based organization. Worldwide, thousands projects received one four levels certification. One five rating systems (or specialties) covered Design Construction (BD + C), representing buildings. This system further divided into eight adaptations. The adaptation (New Major Renovation) NC applies to newly constructed as well those going through major renovation. has six credit categories, addition three minor ones. nine categories together have total 110 attainable points. Atmosphere (EA) category dominant adaptation, with 33 points under it. important addresses topics commissioning, energy consumption records, efficiency, use refrigerants, utilization onsite offsite renewable energy, real-time electric load management. study aims highlight some differences EA BD C:NC it evolved from version 4 (LEED v4, 2013) 4.1 v4.1, 2019). For example, updated includes metric greenhouse gas reduction. Also, no longer permits hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants new heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, refrigeration (HVAC & R). In addition, classifies tiers, differentiating between onsite, new-asset offsite, old-asset types.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen Utilization as a Plasma Source for MHD-DPE (Magnetohydrodynamic Direct Power Extraction)

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 167088 - 167107

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This study explores the suitability of hydrogen-based plasma in direct power extraction (DPE) as a non-conventional electricity generation method. We apply computational modeling and principles physics chemistry to estimate different thermal electric properties water-vapor/nitrogen/cesium-vapor (H2O/N2/Cs) gas mixture with levels cesium (Cs) at fixed temperature 2300 K (2026.85 {\deg}C). are selected because they resemble stoichiometric combustion hydrogen air, followed by addition alkali metal element allow ionization, thus converting into electrically conducting plasma. vary mole fraction two orders magnitude, from minute amount 0.0625% (1/1600) major 16% (0.16). use these results further theoretical upper limit output unit volume high-speed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel, accelerated inside it twice local speed sound (Mach number 2) while subject an applied magnetic field 5 T (5 teslas). report that there is optimum 3%, which maximized. Per 1 m3 volume, estimated atm (101.325 kPa) pressure hydrogen-combustion extraordinarily high 360 MW/m3, conductivity 17.5 S/m. even reaches impressive level 1.15 GW/m3 (11500 MW/m3) if absolute can be decreased 0.0625 (6.333 kPa), exceeds 55 S/m (more than 10 times seawater).

Language: Английский

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Portrait of the Decarbonization and Renewables Penetration in Oman’s Energy Mix, Motivated by Oman’s National Green Hydrogen Plan

Energies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(19), P. 4769 - 4769

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

The aim of this study is to quantitatively describe the anticipated change in energy mix Sultanate Oman (Oman) as country moves forward its national plan for green hydrogen, order become a global producer and exporter. This achieved by curating recent data about projects that are either operating or planned (in construction pre-construction stage). Then, these processed further extract useful insights how would if realized added ones. reveals serious commitment accomplish hydrogen (GH), where production ambition 2030 1.125 million tons per annum (Mtpa), using renewable capacity approximately 18 GW. increases 3.5 Mtpa with 70 GW renewables 2040, 8 180 2050. As portrait Oman’s assumption successfully completing all projects, we found expected have total 83.1271 GW, share (solar wind) reaching 83.133% (as compared 15.0711 an 8.907% projects). Nearly (precisely 99.571%) 68.0560 additions based on solar wind energy, while traditional oil–gas gradually phased out. Green dominates surge penetration within Omani mix, 84.659% 34.3140 linked production, water electrolyzers. Similarly, 98.804% 33.4500 production.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen in Burners: Economic and Environmental Implications

Processes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2434 - 2434

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

For centuries, fossil fuels have been the primary energy source, but their unchecked use has led to significant environmental and economic challenges that now shape global landscape. The combustion of these releases greenhouse gases, which are critical contributors acceleration climate change, resulting in severe consequences for both environment human health. Therefore, this article examines potential hydrogen as a sustainable alternative source capable mitigating impacts. It explores properties hydrogen, with particular emphasis on its application industrial burners furnaces, underscoring clean high density comparison fuels, also production through thermochemical electrochemical methods, covering green, gray, blue, turquoise pathways. discusses storage transportation challenges, highlighting methods like compression, liquefaction, chemical carriers (e.g., ammonia), transport via pipelines vehicles. Hydrogen mechanisms optimized burner furnace designs explored, along benefits lower emissions, contrasted concerns infrastructure costs. Additionally, applications, safety concerns, large-scale adoption addressed, presenting promising yet complex fuels.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-8) catalyst for potential biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO)

E3S Web of Conferences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 603, P. 03006 - 03006

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Heteropoly acids (HPAs) catalysts prove effective in waste cooking oil biodiesel production, considering their high density of Brønsted acidic sites, exhibit significant resilience to elevated levels free fatty acid (FFA) and moisture content. However, the separation HPA after production is challenging due homogeneous catalytic nature. This study aims develop magnetic vanadium-substituted HPAbased ZIF-8 composites create a catalyst for from WCO that more efficient easier separate. In this work, range analytical methods was utilized characterize catalyst, such as Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), highresolution transmission (HRTEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The successful incorporation into magnetite nanocomposite indicated by prominent bands FTIR analysis, formation further validated EDX analysis. VSM results also revealed has good responsiveness, facilitating recycling. functionalized H 6 PV 3 MoW 8 O 40 demonstrated potential sustainable WCO.

Language: Английский

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Renewable Energy in Sudan: Current Status and Future Prospects

Engineering Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Sudan relies heavily on refined petroleum products for electricity generation, excluding hydropower, contributing to environmental degradation through combustion. This challenge underscores the need expand renewable energy utilization. paper reviews current status and future potential of in Sudan. While hydropower generates approximately 54.6% Sudan's electricity, other sources contribute only 0.78% national grid. capacity stands at 1907 MW, with plans add 2197 MW. As a Sunbelt country, has immense solar potential, yet it constructed 10‐MW PV plant (5 MW on‐grid). Two additional projects are under construction, government aims install 2190 grid‐connected 50 thermal by 2035. Wind remains underutilized, single 0.8‐MW wind turbine connected grid, although 100‐MW power is construction. The envisions 1550 Bioenergy capacity, predominantly from sugar industry co‐generation, totals 199 less than 20 on‐grid. Plans aim 270 bioenergy 2032. Despite possessing geothermal Red Sea region, no plants have been installed. However, 54 planned 2030. Additionally, nuclear program targets two 600‐MW reactors 2030, while tidal could 1.2 TWh annually These initiatives diversify mix enhance country's sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Power Density and Thermochemical Properties of Hydrogen Magnetohydrodynamic (H2MHD) Generators at Different Pressures, Seed Types, Seed Levels, and Oxidizers

Hydrogen, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 31 - 31

Published: May 2, 2025

Hydrogen and some of its derivatives (such as e-methanol, e-methane, e-ammonia) are promising energy carriers that have the potential to replace conventional fuels, thereby eliminating their harmful environmental impacts. An innovative use hydrogen a zero-emission fuel is forming weakly ionized plasma by seeding combustion products with small amount an alkali metal vapor (cesium or potassium). This formed can be used working fluid in supersonic open-cycle magnetohydrodynamic (OCMHD) power generators. In these OCMHD generators, direct-current (DC) electricity generated straightforwardly without rotary turbogenerators. current study, we quantitatively qualitatively explore levels electric conductivity resultant volumetric output density typical channel, where thermal equilibrium accelerated at Mach number two (Mach 2) while being subject strong applied magnetic field (applied magnetic-field flux density) five teslas (5 T), temperature 2300 K (2026.85 °C). We varied total pressure pre-ionization seeded gas mixture between 1/16 atm 16 atm. also seed level 0.0625% 16% (pre-ionization mole fraction). type cesium potassium. oxidizer air (oxygen–nitrogen mixture, 21–79% mole) pure oxygen. Our results suggest ideal reach exceptional beyond 1000 MW/m3 (or 1 kW/cm3) provided absolute reduced about 0.1 only for rather than Under atmospheric air–hydrogen (1 pressure) 1% fraction vapor, theoretical 410.828 case 104.486 The enhanced using any following techniques: (1) reducing pressure, (2) instead potassium seeding, (3) oxygen (if unchanged). A 4% fraction) recommended. Much lower much higher may harm performance. maximizes not necessarily same conductivity, this due additional thermochemical changes caused additive seed. For example, combustion, maximized 6% fraction, 5%. present comprehensive set computed properties gases, such molecular weight speed sound.

Language: Английский

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Reduced-Order Modeling (ROM) of a Segmented Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) for Hydrogen Separation in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC)

Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1455 - 1455

Published: May 9, 2025

In an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), a process produces gas stream from solid fuel, such as coal or biomass. This (syngas synthesis gas) resulting the contains carbon monoxide, molecular hydrogen, and dioxide (other gaseous components may also be present depending on gasified fuel gasifying agent). Separating hydrogen this syngas has advantages. One of methods to separate is selective permeation through palladium-based metal membrane. separation complicated it depends nonlinearly various variables. Thus, desirable develop simplified reduced-order model (ROM) that can rapidly estimate performance under operational conditions, preliminary stage computer-aided engineering (CAE) in chemical processes sustainable industrial operations. To fill gap, we here proposed procedure for one-dimensional steady plug-flow reactor (PFR) use investigate membrane (MR), produced (IGCC). model, (a feed stream) enters one side into retentate zone, while nitrogen sweep opposite neighbor permeate zone. The two zones are separated by permeable palladium surfaces selectively hydrogen. After analyzing profile base case (300 °C uniform temperature, 40 atm absolute pressure, 20 pressure), temperature module, retentate-side permeate-side pressure varied individually their influence investigated. all simulation cases, fixed targets 95% recovery 40% mole-fraction at exit demanded. module length allowed change order satisfy these targets. Other dependent permeation-performance variables investigated include logarithmic mean pressure-square-root difference, apparent permeance, efficiency factor permeation. contributions our study linked fields applications, production, gasification, analytical modeling, numerical analysis. addition separation, linear nonlinear regression models derived obtained results. work gives general insights via membranes (MR). For example, most effective improve performance. Increasing value 120 results proportional gain permeated mass flux, with about 0.05 kg/m2.h gained per 1 increase decreasing bar 0.2 causes flux exponentially 1.15 kg/m2.h. 5.11 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) numbers 7, 9, 11, 13.

Language: Английский

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Three decades of hydrogen energy research: a bibliometric analysis on the evolution of green hydrogen technologies

Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Bibliometric mapping reveals trends for green hydrogen research.

Language: Английский

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Green Hydrogen

IGI Global eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 139 - 162

Published: May 2, 2025

The complexity of global environmental processes and the necessity for sustainable development make green hydrogen a key technology decarbonization. chapter begins with synthesis literature on properties production. In addition, argument compares PEM Alkaline Water Electrolyzers discusses recent initiatives to improve performance lower costs. weaves these perspectives into coherent narrative that suggests may be successful energy transition. informs researchers, policymakers, industry actors about hydrogen's technological, economic, regulatory framework, helping build clean, secure system. This extensive study examines capacity future enhancements could change strategies. Thus, further research collaboration are needed overcome obstacles realize hydrogen.

Language: Английский

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