Mathematical Model for Assessing New, Non-Fossil Fuel Technological Products (Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Vehicle)

Mathematics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 143 - 143

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Since private cars and vans accounted for more than 25% of global oil consumption about 10% energy-related CO2 emissions in 2022, increasing the share electric vehicle (EV) ownership is considered an important solution reducing emissions. At same time, entails certain economic losses those countries whose exports are largely covered by trade. The explosive growth EV segment over past 15 years has given rise to overly optimistic forecasts penetration 2050. One major obstacles such a development scenario limited availability resources, especially critical materials. This paper proposes mathematical model predict fleet based on materials as lithium, one key elements battery production. proposed three distinctive features. First, it shows that classical logistic function, due specificity its structure, cannot correctly describe market saturation case using resources with serves. Second, even use special multiplier describes process taking into account depletion (finiteness) used resource does not obtain satisfactory results because “high speed” this resource. Third, analytical final indicates point time at which changes rate occur. latter situation allows us determine tracking saturation, similar actually occurring. We believe can also be validated estimate production wind turbines rare earth neodymium dysprosium (for powerful permanent magnets turbines). These suggest need oil-exporting technologically diversify their economies minimize transition low-carbon economy.

Language: Английский

Measurement, Regional Differences and Convergence Characteristics of Comprehensive Green Transformation of China’s Economy and Society

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 3971 - 3971

Published: April 28, 2025

Promoting the comprehensive green transformation (CGT) of China’s economy and society is vital for achieving high-quality economic growth building a beautiful China. This study establishes CGT evaluation index system across four dimensions: comprehensiveness, synergy, innovation, security. Using entropy weighting method, it evaluates development level 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2022. Subsequently, examines regional differences convergence features in through application Theil index, kernel density estimation (replaced by KDE below), analysis methods. The findings indicate following: Firstly, nationwide within key regions has been on rise annually; yet, variations persist. Secondly, both overall disparities discrepancies are diminishing. Furthermore, interregional main contributor development. Thirdly, while number gradually increased nationwide, their unevenness also intensified. Fourthly, regarding characteristics, σ-convergence, along with absolute conditional β-convergence observed all but central; central region, not statistically significant, is. Conclusions this can offer theoretical insights further elevating fostering coordinated

Language: Английский