International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105424 - 105424
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 909, P. 168388 - 168388
Published: Nov. 11, 2023
The direct impacts of climate change involve a multitude phenomena, including rising sea levels, intensified severe weather events such as droughts and flooding, increased temperatures leading to wildfires, unpredictable fluctuations in rainfall. This comprehensive review intends examine firstly the probable consequences on extreme drought, flood wildfire. subsequently examines release transformation contaminants terrestrial, aquatic, atmospheric environments response driven by change. While drought influence dynamics inorganic organic terrestrial aquatic environments, thereby influencing their mobility transport, wildfire results spread atmosphere. There is nascent awareness change's change-induced environmental scientific community decision-making processes. remediation industry, particular, lags behind adopting adaptive measures for managing contaminated affected events. However, recognizing need assessment represents pivotal first step towards fostering more practices management environments. We highlight urgency collaboration between chemists experts, emphasizing importance jointly assessing fate rigorous action augment risk strategies safeguard health our environment.
Language: Английский
Citations
171
Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 301, P. 113769 - 113769
Published: Sept. 29, 2021
Language: Английский
Citations
158
Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 3601 - 3685
Published: Aug. 13, 2024
Abstract. Climate change contributes to the increased frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regionalised research efforts. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these climate land use forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–2024 season, 3.9×106 km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totalling 2.4 Pg C. Global C record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) reduced low African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking extent Canada, largest recorded wildfire European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawaii (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232 000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece, a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels probability fires, whereas area anomalies weaker regions lower fuel loads higher direct suppression, particularly Canada. Fire prediction showed mild anomalous signal 1 2 months advance, Greece had shorter predictability horizons. Attribution indicated modelled up 40 %, 18 50 due during respectively. Meanwhile, seasons magnitudes has significantly anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude 2023 are projected occur 6.3–10.8 more frequently medium–high emission scenario (SSP370). represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society's resilience promote advances preparedness, mitigation, adaptation. New datasets presented this work available https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539 (Jones et al., 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742 (Kelley 2024a).
Language: Английский
Citations
35
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)
Published: April 16, 2022
Abstract Recent wildfire events (e.g. Mediterranean region, USA, and Australia) showed that this hazard poses a serious threat for wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas around the globe. Furthermore, recent in regions where does not constitute frequent Siberia, Scandinavia) indicated spatial pattern of risk might have significantly changed. To prepare upcoming extreme events, it is critical decision-makers to thorough understanding vulnerability built environment wildfire. Building quality design standards are important only because building loss costly but also robust buildings may offer shelter when evacuation possible. However, studies aiming at analysis limited. This paper presents an innovative solution assessment wildfires, making use all-relevant feature selection algorithm established on statistical relationships develop physical index subject Data from systematically documented event Greece (Mati, 2018) used select weight relevant indicators using permutation-based automated based random forests. characteristics including structural type, roof material shape, inclination ground, surrounding vegetation, shutters ground covering were selected formed into index. The be other places Europe beyond, especially no empirical data available supporting decision-making reduction emerging amplified by climate change.
Language: Английский
Citations
51
International Journal of Wildland Fire, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(1)
Published: Jan. 16, 2025
Background Climate change is expected to significantly wildfire frequency and magnitude, which poses particular challenges for countries with limited experience in managing wildfires, such as Austria. Aims To develop a vulnerability index, this study aims at weighting the characteristics of buildings their surroundings (vulnerability indicators) by involving different national stakeholders (Austria) international experts. Methods Expert judgement analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used indicators identified previous through literature review. Key results The two expert groups regarding compared. A index that combines all into single assigned each building introduced. Conclusions tool decision-makers other end users sets foundations ongoing research field assessment based on trans-disciplinary approaches both academia stakeholders. Implications can be support decision-making, risk reduction climate adaptation strategies but it also guide local level.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Fire, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 57 - 57
Published: Sept. 29, 2020
On 17 June 2017, one of the most dramatic and destructive wildfires in Portugal’s History started, formed by a complex at least five that merged together burning more than 45,000 hectares. In its aftermath, 66 persons lost their lives, them trying to run away from fire, 250 were injured, over 1000 structures (including 263 residential homes) damaged or destroyed, with direct losses estimated around 200 million euros. Shortly after fire was extinguished, as part larger analysis, authors performed exhaustive field work assess impact on all manmade area Pedrógão Grande fire. A specific geodatabase built, accounting for an extensive set parameters aimed characterizing: (i) The structure, (ii) surroundings (iii) arrival total 1043 considered mostly support structures, like sheds storage (38.6%), but also 25% dwellings (13.3% primary 11.9% secondary). Regarding ignitions, 60% ignited due deposition firebrands different weak points. addition, these ignitions occurred roofs, mainly because vulnerability associated materials supporting them. Despite results, what we observed not still consider Portuguese reality houses are good refuge, providing they managed kept conditions.
Language: Английский
Citations
62
Fire Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(1)
Published: Oct. 4, 2021
Abstract Background The 2018 Camp Fire, which destroyed 18,804 structures in northern California, including most of the town Paradise, provided an opportunity to investigate housing arrangement and vegetation-related factors associated with home loss determine whether California’s 2008 adoption exterior building codes for homes located wildland-urban-interface (WUI) improved survival. We randomly sampled single-family constructed: before 1997, 1997 2007, 2018, latter two time periods being after changes code. then quantified nearby pre-fire overstory canopy cover distance nearest structure from aerial imagery. Using post-fire photographs, we also assessed fire damage assigned a cause damaged but not homes. Results Homes built prior fared poorly, only 11.5% surviving, compared 38.5% survival after. difference percentage immediately Chapter 7A California Building Code (37% 44%, respectively) was statistically significant. Distance structure, number within 100 m, m were strongest predictors survival, significant interactions construction period suggested that contributing differed different ages. >18 areas 30–100 <53% survived at substantially higher rate than closer proximity or cover. Most surviving appeared result radiant heat burning flame impingement ignition near-home combustible materials. Conclusions Strong associations between both vegetation Fire indicate modifications are possible would improve outcomes. Among those include improvements windows siding closest neighboring structures, treatment wildland fuels, eliminating combustibles, especially (0–1.5 m).
Language: Английский
Citations
50
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 784, P. 147057 - 147057
Published: April 13, 2021
Language: Английский
Citations
47
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58, P. 102177 - 102177
Published: March 23, 2021
Understanding residents' intended evacuation behaviors is an increasingly important component of managing complex wildfire events in the United States and elsewhere. Growing evidence suggests that local populations consider a range potential during fire events, yet fewer efforts explore rural intentions or their relationship to mitigations reduce risk aid suppression. This study explores among wildland-urban interface residents Pend Oreille County, Washington, USA. We how mitigation performance (e.g., fuel reduction efforts, structure improvements, active firefighting preparation) differs across three emergent categories evaluate whether factors correlate with participants' intentions. Our results suggest relatively high proportion area intend stay defend property from wildfire, smaller proportions intending evacuate shelter place. Individuals who are more likely implement strategies when compared those found elements residency status, sex, age, presence children home, perceptions personal efficacy was prepared enough not need were significant influences on group affiliation. For instance, part-time significantly correlated evacuate, while full-time defend. Greater agreement needed because well-prepared related staying defending over evacuating.
Language: Английский
Citations
42
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)
Published: Feb. 15, 2022
Abstract Wildfires in the western United States (US) are increasingly expensive, destructive, and deadly. Reducing wildfire losses is particularly challenging when fires frequently start on one land tenure damage natural or developed assets other ownerships. Managing risk multijurisdictional landscapes has recently become a centerpiece of strategic planning, legislation, research. However, important empirical knowledge gaps remain regarding cross-boundary fire activity US. Here, we use lands administered by US Forest Service as study system to assess causes, ignition locations, structure loss, social biophysical factors associated with over past three decades. Results show that were primarily caused humans private lands. Cross-boundary ignitions, area burned, concentrated California. Public managed not primary source destroyed most structures. peaked moderately populated dense road jurisdictional boundary networks. Fire transmission increasing, evidence suggests it will continue do so future. Effective management require cross-scale co-governance. Focusing minimizing damages high-value may be more effective than excluding from landscapes.
Language: Английский
Citations
30