Review of Authentication, Blockchain, Driver ID Systems, Economic Aspects, and Communication Technologies in DWC for EVs in Smart Cities Applications DOI Creative Commons

R. Narayanamoorthi,

Pradeep Vishnuram,

A. Dominic Savio

et al.

Smart Cities, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 3121 - 3164

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

The rapid advancement and adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitate innovative solutions to address integration challenges in modern charging infrastructure. Dynamic wireless (DWC) is an solution for powering using multiple magnetic transmitters installed beneath the road a receiver located on underside EV. offers issue range anxiety by allowing EVs charge while motion, thereby reducing need frequent stops. This manuscript reviews several pivotal areas critical future EV DWC technology such as authentication techniques, blockchain applications, driver identification systems, economic aspects, emerging communication technologies. Ensuring secure access this infrastructure requires fast, lightweight systems. Similarly, plays role enhancing Internet Vehicles (IoV) architecture decentralizing securing vehicular networks, thus improving privacy, security, efficiency. Driver crucial safety comfort, are analyzed. Additionally, feasibility impact evaluated, providing essential insights into its potential effects ecosystem. paper also emphasizes quick systems ensure discusses how enhances efficiency, privacy IoV networks. importance comfort study confirms viability benefits

Language: Английский

High-Gain Multi-Band Koch Fractal FSS Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications DOI Creative Commons
Atul Varshney, Duygu Nazan Gençoğlan

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 9022 - 9022

Published: Oct. 6, 2024

This study introduces a novel antenna based on the binary operation of modified circular patch in conjunction with Koch fractal. The is intended for applications sub-6 GHz band, partial C-band, and X-band. low-cost fabricated 1.6-mm-thick FR-4 substrate. A frequency-selective surface (FSS) used to overcome decreased values gain bandwidth due fractal operations. introduced split ring resonator (SRR) substrate dimension reduction reduce gain. air gap between FSS not only enhances but also controls frequency tuning at design frequency. size miniaturized 36.67%. monopole ground loaded an SRR results improved closest (3.44 GHz) near achieves peak 9.37 dBi this band. FSS-based 4.65 improvement value FSS. measured simulated plots exhibit excellent match each other all three bands 2.96–4.72 GHz. These cover Wi-MAX (3.5 GHz), n77 (3300–3800 MHz), n78 (3300–4200 approximately n79 (4400–4990 addition C-band applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
A Flexible Multi-Band Antenna with a Spider Web-like Structure for 4G/5G/GPS/WIMAX/WLAN Applications DOI Open Access
Zhen Yu, Feng Ryan Wang, Ruixin Zhang

et al.

Electronics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 253 - 253

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

In this paper, based on bionics, a flexible multi-band antenna is designed to mimic the structure of spider’s web, which supports various communication standards such as 4G, 5G, and GPS. The lays out multiple loop branches in limited space achieve wideband operations from 1.31 GHz 2 (42.4%), 3.4 4 (16.2%), 5.1 5.78 (12.5%). selects 40 × 50 0.1 mm³ polyimide dielectric substrate trapezoidal coplanar waveguide feed. A simulation experimental analyses demonstrate that exhibits consistent performance when subjected different bending scenarios. design scheme utilizing streamlines integration process, offering promising avenue for deployment smart wireless devices. results tests simulations device meets requisite communication.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A Class of Sixth-Order Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Systems: The Convergence and Fractals of Attractive Basins DOI Creative Commons
Xiaofeng Wang, Wenshuo Li

Fractal and Fractional, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 133 - 133

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

In this paper, a Newton-type iterative scheme for solving nonlinear systems is designed. the process of proving convergence order, we use higher derivatives function and show that order method six. to avoid influence existence on proof convergence, mainly discuss under weak conditions. Banach space, local established by using ω-continuity condition first-order Fréchet derivative, application range extended. addition, also give radius sphere uniqueness its solution. Finally, superiority new illustrated drawing attractive basins comparing them with average times other same-order methods. Additionally, utilize solve both matrix sign functions. The applicability study demonstrated practical chemical problems.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Screen-Printed Metamaterial Absorber Using Fractal Metal Mesh for Optical Transparency and Flexibility DOI Creative Commons
Jinwoo Choi,

Daecheon Lim,

Sungjoon Lim

et al.

Fractal and Fractional, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 284 - 284

Published: May 9, 2024

In stealth applications, there is a growing emphasis on the development of radar-absorbing structures that are efficient, flexible, and optically transparent. This study proposes screen-printed metamaterial absorber (MMA) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using indium tin oxide (ITO) as grounding layer, which achieves both optical transparency flexibility. These materials methods enhance overall flexibility MMA. To address limited caused by silver nanoparticle ink for top pattern, metal mesh was incorporated to reduce area ratio printed patterns, thereby enhancing transparency. By incrementing fractal order structure, we optimized operating frequency target X-band, most commonly used in radar detection. The proposed MMA demonstrates remarkable performance, with measured absorption 91.99% at 8.85 GHz an average transmittance 46.70% across visible light spectrum (450 700 nm), indicating its potential applications transparent windows or drone stealth.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Thermodynamics for 5G technology and energy harvesting and relative topics DOI Open Access
Lei Zhao, Abdulrahman Ali Alsolami, Ji‐Huan He

et al.

Thermal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(3 Part A), P. 2009 - 2014

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

5G communication technology has been skyrocketing, and changed everything in our daily lives, its applications various fields are also promising. However, the thermal conductivity/dissipation problems of highly integrated electronic devices electrical equipment becoming more prominent, thermodynamics offers a solution, fractal meta-surfaces provides an extremely efficient approach to transfer generated waste heat, which can be used for energy harvesting, thermodynamic model is developed management.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Thermodynamics and nanotechnology for 5G communication technology and energy harvesting DOI Open Access
Lei Zhao, Abdulrahman Ali Alsolami, Ji‐Huan He

et al.

Thermal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 00, P. 102 - 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

5G communication technology has been skyrocketing, and changed everything in our daily lives, its applications various fields are also promising. However, the thermal conductivity/dissipation problems of highly integrated electronic devices electrical equipment becoming more prominent, thermodynamics offers a solution, fractal meta-surfaces provides an extremely efficient approach to transfer generated waste heat, which can be used for energy harvesting, thermodynamic model is developed management.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Advancements in Antenna Systems for B5G and 6G Applications DOI
Seyed Ramin Emadian

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 26, 2024

This chapter explores the fundamental concepts of antenna design critical for beyond 5G (B5G) and anticipated 6G technologies. It delves into various types, including microstrip antennas, metamaterial-based designs, reconfigurable phased array antenna, lens highlighting their role in achieving ultra-high data rates, ultra-low latency, massive device connectivity envisioned B5G networks. The discussion covers key aspects such as beamforming, beam steering, pattern reconfigurability arrays, along with interference mitigation strategies. By understanding these diverse systems, researchers engineers can contribute to shaping future wireless communication era.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Review of Authentication, Blockchain, Driver ID Systems, Economic Aspects, and Communication Technologies in DWC for EVs in Smart Cities Applications DOI Creative Commons

R. Narayanamoorthi,

Pradeep Vishnuram,

A. Dominic Savio

et al.

Smart Cities, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 3121 - 3164

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

The rapid advancement and adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitate innovative solutions to address integration challenges in modern charging infrastructure. Dynamic wireless (DWC) is an solution for powering using multiple magnetic transmitters installed beneath the road a receiver located on underside EV. offers issue range anxiety by allowing EVs charge while motion, thereby reducing need frequent stops. This manuscript reviews several pivotal areas critical future EV DWC technology such as authentication techniques, blockchain applications, driver identification systems, economic aspects, emerging communication technologies. Ensuring secure access this infrastructure requires fast, lightweight systems. Similarly, plays role enhancing Internet Vehicles (IoV) architecture decentralizing securing vehicular networks, thus improving privacy, security, efficiency. Driver crucial safety comfort, are analyzed. Additionally, feasibility impact evaluated, providing essential insights into its potential effects ecosystem. paper also emphasizes quick systems ensure discusses how enhances efficiency, privacy IoV networks. importance comfort study confirms viability benefits

Language: Английский

Citations

0