A macroevolutionary role for chromosomal fusion and fission in Erebia butterflies

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(16)

Published: April 17, 2024

The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts change in chromosome numbers resulting from fusion or fission are related to increased rates Erebia , one the most species-rich karyotypically variable butterfly groups. established genome-based phylogeny used state-dependent birth-death models infer trajectories karyotype evolution. demonstrated that anagenetic changes (i.e., along phylogenetic branches) exceed cladogenetic at events), but, when occur, they mostly associated with fissions rather than fusions. found relative importance differs among clades different ages especially younger, more diverse clades, frequently changes. Overall, our results imply have contrasting macroevolutionary roles rearrangements species diversification.

Language: Английский

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Cytogenetics of insects in the era of chromosome-level genome assemblies

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 230 - 237

Published: April 10, 2025

Over the past few years, a revolution has occurred in cytogenetics, driven by emergence and spread of methods for obtaining high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies. In fact, this led to new tool studying chromosomes chromosomal rearrangements, is thousands times more powerful than light microscopy. This revolutionized cytogenetics many groups insects which previously karyotype information, if available at all, was limited chromosome number. Even impressive are achievements genomic approach general patterns organization evolution insects. Thus, it been shown that rapid transformations numbers, often found order Lepidoptera, most carried out parsimonious way, as result simple fusions fissions chromosomes. It established these not random occur independently different phylogenetic lineages due reuse same ancestral breakpoints. tendency correlated with presence so-called interstitial telomeres, i.e. telomere-like structures located ends chromosomes, but inside them. revealed that, insects, telomeric DNA just set short repeats, very long sequence consisting (TTAGG) n (or other motifs), regularly specifically interrupted retrotransposons, motifs diverse terms their length nucleotide composition. The number assemblies GenBank database growing exponentially now exceeds thousand species. Therefore, exceptional prospects using data analysis beyond doubt.

Language: Английский

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Lepidopteran Synteny Units reveal deep chromosomal conservation in butterflies and moths

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8)

Published: June 13, 2023

DNA is compacted into individual particles or chromosomes that form the basic units of inheritance. However, different animals and plants have widely numbers chromosomes. This means we cannot readily tell which are related to which. Here, describe a simple technique looks at similarity genes on each chromosome thus gives us true picture their homology through evolutionary time. We use this new system look butterflies moths Lepidoptera. term associated synteny units, Lepidopteran Synteny Units (LSUs). Using sample butterfly moth genomes from across time, show LSUs reliable method tracing chromosomal back Surprisingly, reveals conserved blocks dating sister group Trichoptera. As Lepidoptera holocentric chromosomes, it will be interesting see if similar levels shown in groups with monocentric The ability define via LSU analysis makes considerably easier approach many questions evolution.

Language: Английский

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Cryptic Taxa Revealed through Combined Analysis of Chromosomes and DNA Barcodes: The Polyommatus ripartii Species Complex in Armenia and NW Iran

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 545 - 545

Published: July 19, 2024

The detection of cryptic species in complexes that have undergone recent speciation is often difficult, since many standard nuclear markers not yet accumulated differences between closely related taxa, and mitochondrial can be leveled out due to introgressions. In these cases, the use derived chromosomal characters such as non-ancestral numbers and/or unusual karyotype features may a solution delimitation problem. However, but similar karyotypes arise secondarily result homoplastic evolution, their interpretation homologies lead incorrect taxonomic conclusions. our study, we show combined DNA barcodes helps solve this problem identifies situations where each does work individually. Using approach, fauna Armenia adjacent Iran includes following taxa Polyommatus ripartii complex (haploid chromosome number, n parentheses): P. paralcestis (n = 90), kalashiani, subsp. nov close emmeli, sp. nov. 77–79), keleybaricus, 86), demavendi belovi 73–75), antonius, 71–73), admetus anatoliensis 79) eriwanensis 29–34). yeranyani synonymized with anatoliensis.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary patterns and functional effects of 3D chromatin structures in butterflies with extensive genome rearrangements

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 26, 2024

Chromosome rearrangements may distort 3D chromatin architectures and thus change gene regulation, yet how structures evolve in insects is largely unknown. Here, we obtain chromosome-level genomes for four butterfly species, Graphium cloanthus, sarpedon, eurypylus with 2n = 30, 40, 60, respectively, Papilio bianor 60. Together large-scale Hi-C data, find that inter-chromosome very rarely disrupted the pre-existing structure of ancestral chromosomes. However, some intra-chromosome changed compared to configuration. We new TADs subTADs have emerged across rearrangement sites where their adjacent compartments exhibit uniform types. Two altered Rel lft potentially contributing wing patterning differentiation host plant choice. Notably, butterflies exhibited loops between Hox cluster ANT-C BX-C, unlike Drosophila. Our CRISPR-Cas9 experiments confirm knocking out CTCF binding site BX-C affected phenotypes regulated by Antp ANT-C, resulting legless larva. results reveal evolutionary patterns insect provide evidence changes can play important roles evolution traits. There are extensive genome among which structures. authors use multi-omics techniques its significant role trait evolution.

Language: Английский

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Understanding species limits through the formation of phylogeographic lineages

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

The outcomes of speciation across organismal dimensions (e.g., ecological, genetic, phenotypic) are often assessed using phylogeographic methods. At one extreme, reproductively isolated lineages represent easily delimitable species differing in many or all dimensions, and at the other, geographically distinct genetic segments introgress broad environmental gradients with limited phenotypic disparity. In ambiguous gray zone speciation, where genetically but still interacting ecologically, it is expected that these context ontology evolutionary concept when they maintained over time well-defined hybrid zones, particularly intersection environments. As a result, structure correlated differences not space alone, subset genes fail to zones as underlying genomic accumulate. We present set tests synthesize delimitation process. can thereby assess historical demographics diversification processes while understanding how through by exploring spatial genome clines, genotype-environment interactions, scans for selected loci. Employing eight lineage-pairs snakes North America, we show six pairs 12 "good" two local adaptation regional population structure. have signature divergence before near mid-Pleistocene, low migration, stable varying size, loci showing selection on alleles corresponding transitions between ecoregions. Locally adapted populations younger, exhibit higher less ecological differentiation. Our results demonstrate be delimited methods properly integrate spatial, temporal, data.

Language: Английский

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Lepidopteran Synteny Units (LSUs) reveal deep conservation of macrosynteny in butterflies and moths

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2023

Abstract Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have, for the first time, provided us with enough whole chromosome-level genomes to understand detail how chromosome number and composition change over time. Here, we use of butterflies moths look at levels age macrosynteny Lepidoptera Trichoptera. We used comparative BUSCO analsysis define reproducible units which term ‘Lepidopteran Synteny Units’ or LSUs. The 31 chromosomes model butterfly Melitaea cinxia served as a reference point. results show that chromosome-wide extends from most basal branches Lepidopteran phylogeny distal. This synteny also order Trichoptera, sister group Lepidoptera. Thus, has been conserved period >200 My this insects. found no major interchromosomal translocations, reciprocal non-reciprocal, studied. Intrachromosomal rearrangements, contrast, were abundant. Beyond its defining LSUs, type homology-based analysis will be useful determining relationships between chromosomal elements different animals plants. Further, by more precisely breakpoints rearrangements can begin their potential roles evolution. Statement authors declare conflicting interests Contributions Conceptualisation: W.T., R.H.f.; data analysis: W.T.; writing & editing: K.S., R.H.f All read approved final manuscript.

Language: Английский

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