Adaptive Defense Mechanism During Flowering Period of Rhododendron decorum Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 559 - 559

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Rhododendron decorum, a widely distributed species in southwestern China, is recognized not only for its significant ornamental value but also as culinary resource local tribes. However, the defense mechanisms underlying ecological adaptations of R. decorum remain to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses various organs (corolla, androecium/gynoecium and leaves) collected from two distinct regions. Approximately 186.98 Gb clean data were generated three across these Through de novo assembly, total 92,025 unigenes obtained nearly half them (43,515 unigenes) successfully annotated. Enrichment analysis differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within groups different (HQI/LFI, HQO/LFO HQL/LFL, respectively) revealed that distribution Heqing region exhibited an increased requirement plant immunity, including resistance diseases, insects, herbivores organs. Conversely, Lijiang showed greater reliance on environmental factors, such cold tolerance, aromatic compounds production, attraction pollinating insects. Notably, validation 21 pivotal identified significantly regulated enrichment pathways functional consistency KEGG among The disparities observed transcriptome regions provide valuable insight into understanding adaptive mechanism.

Language: Английский

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GC Content in Nuclear-Encoded Genes and Effective Number of Codons (ENC) Are Positively Correlated in AT-Rich Species and Negatively Correlated in GC-Rich Species

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 432 - 432

Published: April 5, 2025

Background/Objectives: Codon usage bias affects gene expression and translation efficiency across species. The effective number of codons (ENC) GC content influence codon preference, often displaying unimodal or bimodal distributions. This study investigates the correlation between ENC rankings species how their relationship Methods: I analyzed nuclear-encoded genes from 17 representing six kingdoms: one bacteria (Escherichia coli), three fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Schizosaccharomyces pombe), archaea (Methanococcus aeolicus), protists (Rickettsia hoogstraalii, Dictyostelium discoideum, Plasmodium falciparum),), plants (Musa acuminata, Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana), animals (Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, Polistes canadensis, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens, Takifugu rubripes). Genes in all were ranked by ENC, correlations assessed. examined adding subtracting these influenced overall distribution a new method that call Two-Rank Order Normalization TRON. equation, TRON = SUM(ABS((GC rank1:GC rankN) − (ENC rank1:ENC rankN))/(N2/3), where (GC is rank-order series rank, sorted rank. denominator TRON, N2/3, normalization factor because it expected value sum absolute rank–ENC rank for if are not correlated. Results: positively correlated (i.e., increases as increases) AT-rich such honeybees (R2 0.60, slope 0.78) wasps 0.52, 0.72) negatively decreases GC-rich humans 0.38, −0.61) rice 0.59, −0.77). Second, distributions change to Third, rank+ENC Fourth, slopes versus ENC) with 0.98) (see Graphic Abstract). Conclusions: differs among species, shaping opposite ways depending on whether species’ GC-rich. Understanding patterns might provide insights into efficiency, epigenetics mediated CpG DNA methylation, epitranscriptomics RNA modifications, secondary structures, evolutionary pressures, potential applications genetic engineering biotechnology.

Language: Английский

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A complex interplay of genetic introgression and local adaptation during the evolutionary history of three closely related spruce species

Plant Diversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cryptic divergence in and evolutionary dynamics of endangered hybrid Picea brachytyla sensu stricto in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

The visual similarities observed across various plant groups often conceal underlying genetic distinctions. This occurrence, known as cryptic diversity, underscores the key importance of identifying and understanding intraspecific evolutionary lineages in ecology conservation biology. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis 81 individuals from 18 natural populations a northern lineage Picea brachytyla sensu stricto that is endemic to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our revealed presence two distinct local lineages, emerging approximately 444.8 thousand years ago (kya), within endangered species. divergence event aligns well with geographic climatic oscillations occurred distributional range during Mid-Pleistocene epoch. Additionally, identified numerous environmentally correlated gene variants, many other genes showing signals positive selection genome. These factors likely contributed persistence adaptation lineages. findings shed light on highly dynamic processes remarkably similar phenotypes Importantly, these results enhance our past for species histories, also provide guidance development plans.

Language: Английский

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Comparative and Spatial Transcriptome Analysis of Rhododendron decorum Franch. During the Flowering Period and Revelation of the Plant Defense Mechanism

Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 1482 - 1482

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

is a globally distributed and extensive genus, comprising over 1000 species. In the southwestern mountains of China, there exists remarkable diversity

Language: Английский

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