Effects of Benzo[k]fluoranthene at Two Temperatures on Viability, Structure, and Detoxification-Related Genes in Rainbow Trout RTL-W1 Cell Spheroids DOI Creative Commons
Telma Esteves, Fernanda Malhão, Eduardo Rocha

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 302 - 302

Published: April 12, 2025

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and global warming impact aquatic ecosystems, eventually interacting. Monolayer (2D) cultures of cell lines, such as the rainbow trout liver RTL-W1, are employed for unveiling toxicological effects in fish. Nonetheless, three-dimensional (3D) models constitute an alternate paradigm, better emulating vivo responses. Here, ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates were used to generate ten-day-old RTL-W1 spheroids exposure a control, solvent control (0.1% DMSO) model PAH benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) at 10 100 nM 18 23 °C (thermal stress). After 4-day exposure, analyzed viability (alamarBlue lactate dehydrogenase), biometry (area, diameter sphericity), histocytology (optical electron microscopy), mRNA levels detoxification-related genes cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A, CYP3A27, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), catalase (CAT), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) bile salt export (BSEP). Immunocytochemistry (ICC) was assess CYP1A expression. Neither temperature nor BkF altered spheroids’ or biometry. modified cell’s ultrastructure. The expression augmented with both concentrations, while AhR’s increased higher concentration. showed dose-dependent increase. Temperature concurrently modelled UGT’s expression, which condition °C. Conversely, MRP2, BSEP expressions lowered CAT GST uninfluenced by either stressor. Overall, impacted independently interactively spheroids. These seem be useful novel tools studying liver-related PAHs.

Language: Английский

Progestin Pollution in Surface Waters of a Major Southwestern European Estuary: The Douro River Estuary (Iberian Peninsula) DOI Creative Commons
F.De C. Da Silva, Rodrigo F. Alves, Eduardo Rocha

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 225 - 225

Published: March 19, 2025

The concentrations and spreading of eight synthetic two natural progestins (PGs) were investigated in surface waters from ten sites at the Douro River Estuary. Samples filtrated subjected to solid-phase extraction (SPE) isolate concentrate target PGs. extracts cleaned by silica cartridges analyzed LC-MS/MS. finding biologically relevant amounts gonanes (22.3 ± 2.7 ng/L), progesterone derivatives (12.2 0.5 drospirenone (4.1 0.8 PGs (9.4 0.9 ng/L) support possibility these compounds acting as endocrine disruptors. Despite absence significant differences amongst sampling seasons, principal component analysis (PCA) linear discriminant (LDA) approaches reveal that spring summer have different patterns PG distribution compared autumn winter. assessment risk coefficients (RQs) potential fish blood sustains all tested pose a local biota (RQs > 1). Additionally, three progestins—norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate—should reach human-equivalent therapeutic levels plasma. Overall, current data show PGs’ presence impacts one most important estuaries Iberian Peninsula.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Effects of Benzo[k]fluoranthene at Two Temperatures on Viability, Structure, and Detoxification-Related Genes in Rainbow Trout RTL-W1 Cell Spheroids DOI Creative Commons
Telma Esteves, Fernanda Malhão, Eduardo Rocha

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 302 - 302

Published: April 12, 2025

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and global warming impact aquatic ecosystems, eventually interacting. Monolayer (2D) cultures of cell lines, such as the rainbow trout liver RTL-W1, are employed for unveiling toxicological effects in fish. Nonetheless, three-dimensional (3D) models constitute an alternate paradigm, better emulating vivo responses. Here, ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates were used to generate ten-day-old RTL-W1 spheroids exposure a control, solvent control (0.1% DMSO) model PAH benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) at 10 100 nM 18 23 °C (thermal stress). After 4-day exposure, analyzed viability (alamarBlue lactate dehydrogenase), biometry (area, diameter sphericity), histocytology (optical electron microscopy), mRNA levels detoxification-related genes cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A, CYP3A27, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), catalase (CAT), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) bile salt export (BSEP). Immunocytochemistry (ICC) was assess CYP1A expression. Neither temperature nor BkF altered spheroids’ or biometry. modified cell’s ultrastructure. The expression augmented with both concentrations, while AhR’s increased higher concentration. showed dose-dependent increase. Temperature concurrently modelled UGT’s expression, which condition °C. Conversely, MRP2, BSEP expressions lowered CAT GST uninfluenced by either stressor. Overall, impacted independently interactively spheroids. These seem be useful novel tools studying liver-related PAHs.

Language: Английский

Citations

0