Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
37(12), P. 5974 - 5990
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
Abstract
Acute
kidney
injury
(AKI)
is
a
common
clinical
condition
associated
with
increased
incidence
and
mortality
rates.
Hederasaponin
C
(HSC)
one
of
the
main
active
components
Pulsatilla
chinensis
(Bunge)
Regel.
HSC
possesses
various
pharmacological
activities,
including
anti‐inflammatory
activity.
However,
protective
effect
against
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)‐induced
AKI
in
mice
remains
unclear.
Therefore,
we
investigated
LPS‐induced
renal
inflammation
underlying
molecular
mechanisms.
Herein,
using
MTT
LDH
assays
to
assess
both
cell
viability
activity;
dual
staining
techniques
identify
different
death
patterns;
conducting
immunoblotting,
QRT‐PCR,
immunofluorescence
analyses
evaluate
levels
protein
mRNA
expression;
employing
docking,
SPR
experiments,
CETSA
investigate
interaction
between
TLR4;
studying
effects
AKI.
The
results
indicate
that
inhibits
expression
TLR4
activation
NF‐κB
PIP2
signaling
pathways,
while
simultaneously
suppressing
NLRP3
inflammasome.
In
animal
models,
ameliorated
diminished
inflammatory
response
level
markers.
These
findings
suggest
has
potential
as
therapeutic
agent
mitigate
sepsis‐related
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(21), P. 11386 - 11386
Published: Oct. 23, 2024
Modified
cholesterols
such
as
oxidized
low-density
lipoprotein
(OxLDL)
contribute
to
atherosclerosis
and
other
disorders
through
the
promotion
of
foam
cell
formation
inflammation.
In
recent
years,
it
has
become
evident
that
immune
responses
inflammatory
molecules
OxLDLs
depend
on
cellular
metabolic
functions.
This
review
examines
known
effects
OxLDL
immunometabolism
in
several
diseases.
We
additionally
provide
context
relationship
between
aging/senescence
identify
gaps
literature
our
current
understanding
these
areas.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(7), P. 2409 - 2409
Published: July 14, 2021
Besides
its
well-known
psychoactive
effects,
caffeine
has
a
broad
range
of
actions.
It
regulates
several
physiological
mechanisms
as
well
modulates
both
native
and
adaptive
immune
responses
by
various
ways.
Although
is
assumed
to
be
negative
regulator
inflammation,
the
effect
on
secretion
pro-
anti-inflammatory
cytokines
highly
controversial.
Macrophages
are
major
mediators
inflammatory
responses;
however,
subpopulations
develop
different
effects
ranging
from
initiation
resolution
inflammation.
Here
we
report
comparative
analysis
two
human
monocyte-derived
macrophages
differentiated
in
presence
macrophage
colony-stimulating
factor
(M-CSF)
or
granulocyte-macrophage
(GM-CSF),
resulting
M-MΦs
GM-MΦs,
respectively.
We
showed
that
although
TNF-α
was
downregulated
LPS-activated
MΦ
subtypes
caffeine,
IL-8,
IL-6,
IL-1β
expression
Nod-like
receptors
enhanced
M-MΦs,
while
it
did
not
change
GM-MΦs.
(1)
altered
adenosine
receptor
expression,
(2)
changed
Akt/AMPK/mTOR
signaling
pathways,
(3)
inhibited
STAT1/IL-10
axis
M-MΦs.
hypothesized
these
alterations
play
an
important
modulatory
role
upregulation
NLRP3
inflammasome-mediated
following
treatment.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(24), P. 5251 - 5251
Published: Dec. 9, 2022
The
pathophysiological
process
of
intracerebral
hemorrhage
(ICH)
is
very
complex,
involving
various
mechanisms
such
as
apoptosis,
oxidative
stress
and
inflammation.
As
one
the
key
factors,
inflammatory
response
responsible
for
pathological
acute
brain
injury
associated
with
prognosis
patients.
Abnormal
or
dysregulated
responses
after
ICH
can
aggravate
cell
damage
in
injured
tissue.
NOD-like
receptor
family
pyrin
domain-containing
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
a
multiprotein
complex
distributed
cytosol,
which
be
triggered
by
multiple
signals.
NLRP3
activated
ICH,
thus
promoting
neuroinflammation
aggravating
edema.
In
addition,
there
evidence
that
gut
microbiota
crucial
activation
inflammasome.
plays
role
variety
CNS
disorders.
Changes
diversity
species
affect
through
release
cytokines.
turn,
composition
influenced
Thereby,
regulation
microbe–gut–brain
axis
via
may
serve
novel
idea
protecting
against
secondary
(SBI)
Here,
we
review
recent
on
functions
well
their
interactions,
during
ICH.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(9), P. 1255 - 1255
Published: Sept. 16, 2022
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
a
common
age-associated
neurodegenerative
motor
disorder,
which
mainly
caused
by
dopaminergic
neuron
loss
in
the
substantia
nigra.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
function
and
underlying
molecular
mechanism
of
itaconate
PD.
PD
models
were
established
vivo
vitro
using
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP)
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
(MPP+),
respectively.
Pole
rotarod
tests
applied
coordination
mice.
The
expression
tyrosine
hydroxylase
(TH)
MPTP-induced
mice
MPP+
revulsive
cell
model
detected
Western
blotting
immunofluorescence.
inflammatory
factors
level
was
quantitative
real-time
polymerase
chain
reaction.
content
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
malondialdehyde
(MDA),
glutathione
(GSH),
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
nigra,
striatum,
SH-SY5Y
cells
analyzed.
Moreover,
apoptosis
determined
terminal
deoxynucleotidyl
transferase-mediated
dUTP-biotin
nick-end
labeling
(TUNEL)
staining
flow
cytometry.
apoptosis-
Nod-like
receptor
family
protein
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome-associated
proteins
measured
Itaconate
attenuated
deficits
inhibited
dopamine
neuronal
damage,
response,
oxidative
stress,
MPTP-caused
model.
Additionally,
notably
repressed
activation
NLRP3
inflammasome.
research
demonstrated
that
could
attenuate
neuroinflammation
exert
neuroprotection
through
inhibiting
Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
37(12), P. 5974 - 5990
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
Abstract
Acute
kidney
injury
(AKI)
is
a
common
clinical
condition
associated
with
increased
incidence
and
mortality
rates.
Hederasaponin
C
(HSC)
one
of
the
main
active
components
Pulsatilla
chinensis
(Bunge)
Regel.
HSC
possesses
various
pharmacological
activities,
including
anti‐inflammatory
activity.
However,
protective
effect
against
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)‐induced
AKI
in
mice
remains
unclear.
Therefore,
we
investigated
LPS‐induced
renal
inflammation
underlying
molecular
mechanisms.
Herein,
using
MTT
LDH
assays
to
assess
both
cell
viability
activity;
dual
staining
techniques
identify
different
death
patterns;
conducting
immunoblotting,
QRT‐PCR,
immunofluorescence
analyses
evaluate
levels
protein
mRNA
expression;
employing
docking,
SPR
experiments,
CETSA
investigate
interaction
between
TLR4;
studying
effects
AKI.
The
results
indicate
that
inhibits
expression
TLR4
activation
NF‐κB
PIP2
signaling
pathways,
while
simultaneously
suppressing
NLRP3
inflammasome.
In
animal
models,
ameliorated
diminished
inflammatory
response
level
markers.
These
findings
suggest
has
potential
as
therapeutic
agent
mitigate
sepsis‐related
