Sex Differences in Grip Strength From Birth to Age 16: A Meta‐Analysis

European Journal of Sport Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(3)

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

ABSTRACT In 1985, Thomas and French published results of a meta‐analysis that examined sex differences in grip strength children 5 years age older. Their analysis included from only four studies, no update has been published. The purpose the current study was to use examine birth 16. 808 effects 169 studies conducted 45 countries between 1961 2023. total sample 353,676 (178,588 boys, 175,088 girls). From 16 age, consistently greater boys than girls. Between 3 10 old, effect size small‐to‐moderate, with female equaling 90% male (Hedges g = 0.33–0.46). At 11, decreased slightly, likely due girls reaching puberty before ( 0.29, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.22, 0.35]). 13, increased markedly 0.63, CIs [0.55, 0.70]). By 16, difference substantial, 65% 2.07, [1.86, 2.27]). Secondary analyses revealed is broadly similar mostly stable since 1960s, except for narrowing among 5–10‐year‐olds after 2010. Various biological factors explain why, on average, are stronger onward.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Motor Performance and BMI of Primary School Children over Time–Influence of the COVID-19 Confinement and Social Burden

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 4565 - 4565

Published: April 10, 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity and being overweight increased in children, especially those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Additionally, a decrease motor performance has been increasingly reported; however, there is lack of meaningful data on relationship between these findings status. Therefore, we examined BMI, BMI

Language: Английский

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Covid Pandemic Effects on the Physical Fitness of Primary School Children: Results of the German EMOTIKON Project

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

In spring of 2020, the Sars-CoV-2 incidence rate increased rapidly in Germany and around world. Throughout next 2 years, schools were temporarily closed social distancing measures put place to slow spread Covid-19 virus. Did these restrictions temporary school lockdowns affect children's physical fitness? The EMOTIKON project annually tests fitness all third-graders Federal State Brandenburg, Germany. assess cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min-run test), coordination (star-run speed (20-m sprint lower (powerLOW, standing long jump upper (powerUP, ball-push test) limbs muscle power, static balance (one-legged stance test with eyes closed). A total 125,893 children tested falls from 2016 2022. Primary analyses focused on 98,510 keyage (i.e., enrollment according legal key date, aged 8 9 years) 515 schools. Secondary included 27,383 older-than-keyage OTK, delayed or repetition a grade, 10 years), who have been shown exhibit than expected for their age. Linear mixed models fitted pre-pandemic quadratic secular trends, took into account differences between schools.Third-graders exhibited endurance, coordination, powerUP Covid pandemic cohorts (2020-2022) compared (2016-2019). Children's powerLOW higher cohorts. From 2020 2021, further declined. Evidence some post-pandemic catch-up was restricted powerUP. Cohen's |ds| comparisons 2020-2022 2016-2019 ranged 0.02 0.15 coordination. Within cohorts, developmental losses ranging approximately 1 month 5 months endurance. For balance, positive effects translate gains 7 months, respectively. Pre-pandemic trends may observed especially powerLOW, balance. delays OTK balance.The associated declines several components German third-graders. Pandemic are still visible Health-related interventions should specifically target those that negatively affected by (cardiorespiratory speed).

Language: Английский

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Back to ‘normal’? BMI, physical fitness and health-related quality of life of children from North East England before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdowns

Journal of Sports Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(8), P. 688 - 700

Published: April 17, 2024

We assessed whether changes in children's body mass index (BMI), physical fitness and health-related quality of life observed post-2020 United Kingdom COVID-19 lockdown remained 12 18 months later. Twenty-metre shuttle run test (20mSRT), handgrip strength, standing broad jump, sit-and-reach, height, mass, (Kidscreen27 questionnaire) were measured 90 children (8–9 years) during October 2019 ("T0"), November 2020 ("T1"), 2021 ("T2") June 2022 ("T3"). Mixed-effects models showed age- sex-normalised BMI increased from T0 (mean: 0.71) to T1 (0.97), remaining elevated at T2 (0.95) T3 (0.89). Decreases 20mSRT performance (22.0) (19.3), then (23.5) (28.3). Standing jump strength over time. The proportion with overweight/obesity (32%) (48%). Health-related decreased for "Physical Wellbeing" yet "Autonomy & Parents". Our findings highlight that lockdowns may have had lasting implications health, the urgent need reduce overweight obesity North East England. Improving health behaviours maximise long-term outcomes build resilience future emergencies disruptions is also paramount.

Language: Английский

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Change in physical fitness due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in French adolescents: a comparison between two independent large samples from Diagnoform battery

European Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 181(11), P. 3955 - 3963

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Physical fitness in Austrian elementary school children prior to and post-COVID-19

AIMS Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 480 - 495

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented policies that included movement restrictions, social distancing and school closures in order to control spread virus. Even though these actions may have been necessary save lives, there some unintended consequences could affect future public health.The present study uses data from more than 24,500 Austrian elementary children (51.2% male) participated a state-wide fitness evaluation program, which was initiated 2016/17 year. In addition body weight height, on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular power, speed, agility, flexibility object were collected three cohorts prior implementation restrictions (school years: 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19) one cohort 2022, after majority had lifted.Body mass index percentiles significantly higher post-COVID-19 (p < 0.01). Further, agility lower compared years preceding ≤ 0.01), while absolute strength year 2022 0.01).Given detrimental effects physical children, additional efforts are include versatile opportunities for activity promotion modify observed negative health trajectories ensure health.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Changes in Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents (11–15 Years) From Kraków (Poland) During COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 500 - 507

Published: March 13, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed a threat to society worldwide. aim of study was analyze changes in physical fitness 11- 15-year-olds during pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Association between decreased grip strength in preschool children and the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study from 2015 to 2021

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: March 24, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reduced people's physical activity. It is essential to accumulate knowledge regarding the influence of COVID-19 on stimulation fitness and functions. Several studies have reported effects fitness; however, there are very few reports preschoolers. This study aimed compare preschoolers before during pandemic clarify curtailment outings implemented control among preschoolers.The subjects were 593 Japanese preschool children enrolled at a kindergarten 2015-2019 in 2021 who received test. Children 2020 did not receive test because excluded. The included grip strength, standing long jump, 25-m run. relationship between level survey year was analyzed using general linear model, with strength jump as dependent variables, independent variable, sex age months adjusted variables. Kruskal-Wallis used analyze data for Multiple comparisons levels (during pandemic) previous years.Significant relationships found each (p < 0.001), 0.05), run 0.001) overall subjects. Grip significantly lower compared 2016-2019 period. Similarly, sub-stratification analysis by showed that than years, both sexes. However, no difference or times according sex.These findings indicate had negative effect development muscle preschoolers, suggest need develop strategies could promote when limitations placed activity prolonged infectious pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Integrating Regular Exergaming Sessions in the ExerCube into a School Setting Increases Physical Fitness in Elementary School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1570 - 1570

Published: March 12, 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a school-based exergame intervention on anthropometric parameters and physical fitness. Fifty-eight students (10.4 ± 0.8 years; 48% girls) were randomized into an (IG) control (CG) group. Both groups participated in regular education classes during three-month period. The IG additionally received 20-minute twice per week. At baseline following period, body mass index (BMI) waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) assessed. Furthermore, sprint test (ST), countermovement jump (CMJ), shuttle run (SRT) performed. Due prescribed quarantine measures, only 34 (18 IG; 16 CG) included final analysis. A significant group−time interaction was determined CMJ performance (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.403), with increase (+2.6 2.4 cm; p 0.315) decrease (−2.0 3.1 0.009; 0.190) CG. ST significantly improved (−0.03 0.08 s; 0.012; 0.180) but not CG (0.13 0.16 0.460; 0.017), revealing 0.02; 0.157). Significant observed for SRT 0.046; 0.122), (+87.8 98.9 m; 0.028; 0.147) no changes (−29.4 219.7 0.485; 0.016) Concerning BMI 0.157; 0.063) WHtR 0.063; 0.114), detected. School-based exergaming is suitable tool influence students’ fitness positively.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Physical Fitness Parameters in a Portuguese Sample of Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A One-Year Longitudinal Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 3422 - 3422

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Due to a worldwide response the COVID-19 pandemic, many changes were imposed on individuals' daily lives, including those related physical activity of children and adolescents. The present study aims comprehend impact early pandemic restrictions Portuguese adolescents' fitness parameters during two school years. A total 640 students from 5th 12th grades participated in longitudinal study. Data body composition, aerobic fitness, speed, agility, lower upper strength, flexibility collected at three moments: 1. before (December 2019); 2. after lockdown when schools reopened delivering in-person classes (October 2020), 3. months started 2020). To analyze overall between moments age groups, we conducted repeated measure ANOVAs. main findings indicate that participants' composition (i.e., waist circumference) maximal oxygen uptake) deteriorated first but improved started. However, same did not happen neuromuscular horizontal Jumps Sit Reach). These suggest may have negatively impacted particularly older Altogether, data reinforce importance context promoting health.

Language: Английский

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