Airborne particulate matter from biomass burning in Thailand: Recent issues, challenges, and options

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. e14261 - e14261

Published: March 1, 2023

Many of the current atmospheric environmental problems facing Thailand are linked to air pollution that is largely derived from biomass burning. Different parts have distinctive sources emissions affect quality. The main contributors particulate matter (PM), especially PM2.5 fraction in Thailand, were highlighted a recent study PM This review divided into six sections. Section one an introduction burning Thailand. two covers issues related for each four regions including Northern, Northeastern, Central, and Southern In northern forest fires crop residues contributed quality past decade. northeast region mainly affected by agricultural residues. However, contributor Bangkok Metropolitan Region motor vehicles impact agoindustries, combustion, possible residue primary sources, cross-border also important. third section concerns effect on human health. Finally, perspectives, new challenges, policy recommendations made concerning improving e.g., fuel management utilization. overall conclusions point will long-term achieving blue sky over through development coherent policies sharing this knowledge with broader audience.

Language: Английский

---

A Review of Literature on the Usage of Low-Cost Sensors to Measure Particulate Matter

Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 168 - 186

Published: March 14, 2023

With advances in technological sciences, individuals can utilize low-cost air monitoring sensors to record quality at homes, schools, and businesses. Air data collected from LCSs are publicly accessible, informing the community of around them. It is important measure local regional particulate matter (PM) concentrations keep public involved, especially those with specific health concerns, such as asthma, wheezing, seasonal allergies. The number studies involving use evaluate PM levels increasing more manufacturers producing ‘easy use’ targeting public. goal this review understand incorporate findings using analyze various sizes, i.e., PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10. This integrates analyses 51 different 14 countries, including U.S. indicate spatial heterogeneity across a region. Some sensor mentioned these include Plantower, AQMesh, Alpha-sense, PurpleAir, E-MOTEs, Shinyei. emphasizes importance field its potential inform about their exposure burden, aid state federal decision makers formulating policies for mitigating effects pollution any urban or rural setting.

Language: Английский

---

Low‐cost air quality monitoring networks for long‐term field campaigns: A review

Meteorological Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(6)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Abstract The application of low‐cost air quality monitoring networks has substantially grown over the last few years, following technological advances in production cheap and portable pollution sensors, thus potentially greatly increasing limited spatial information on conditions provided by traditional stations. However, use sensors still presents many limitations, mostly related to reliability their measurements. Despite number papers focusing these issues, some challenges connected are poorly investigated understood, considering particular those long‐term applications integration within reference system. present review aims at filling this gap, analysing characteristics that were run across field campaigns, including geographical location, pollutants monitored, type stations employed, length campaign, with a attention assessing for deployment evaluation official networks. Moreover, critical analysis most insightful suggestions recommendations delivered literature, as well relevant is presented, highlighting open research areas outlining future challenges.

Language: Английский

---

Spatial and temporal variation of cooking-emitted particles in distinct zones using scanning mobility particle sizer and a network of low-cost sensors

Indoor Environments, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 100008 - 100008

Published: March 5, 2024

Exposure to ambient and household fine-particulate matter is identified as a substantial contributor premature mortality in India, according the Global Burden of Disease Studies. This study examines impacts typical Indian cooking practices on indoor air quality characteristics by monitoring evolution fine ultrafine particle (UFP) concentration dining facility residential educational institute India. The area was spread across kitchen (zone1) hall (zone2). A combination validated low-cost PM sensors (LCS), DustTrak8433, Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) utilized for real-time data acquisition while using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel. PM2.5 UFP concentrations were monitored at 1.3 m 1.8 from floor assess vertical variation pollutants during activities, including breakfast, lunch, dinner, processes such preheating, reheating, stir-frying, deep-frying. It found that prolonged durations involved high-heat methods like stir-frying deep-frying resulted rise coarser (300-550 nm) PM2.5, causing higher exposure concentration. levels are upper heights because temperature-driven convection currents hygroscopic growth particles due high humidity levels. Air exchange rates (AER) considerably varied chimneys low controlled (closed doors) compared mixed ventilation (opened conditions. maximum AER obtained lunch (4.3 9.9 h-1) breakfast (-7.8 6.8 dinner (0.55 7.9 h-1). decrement rate inside zone 1 highest (126µgm-3h-1), coinciding with ventilation. recommended improving better design can reduce commercial rural kitchens.

Language: Английский

---

Revolutionizing indoor air quality monitoring through IoT innovations: a comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(32), P. 44463 - 44488

Published: June 28, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM1 and PM2.5) from Incense Burning Activities in Temples in Vietnam and Taiwan

Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 220193 - 220193

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Particulate matter (PM) emitted from incense burning is a serious problem because of its effects on human health and the environment, especially air quality Southeast Asia. This study investigated PM1 PM2.5 concentrations in two temples Vietnam Taiwan, focusing events (i.e., new moon full day) non-event days using PM sensors. Moreover, samples were collected to determine organic carbon (OC) elemental (EC) concentrations. The (22.7 ± 18.7 36.5 33.9 µg m-3, respectively) lower than those at Taiwan temple (74.5 53.4 97.0 65.4 respectively). activity occurred inside while burner Vietnam's was located outdoors. During event days, about times greater highlighting impact By breaking area into control exposure sites, we found that people experienced 2–5 higher as compared ambient air. PM1/PM2.5 ratio 0.6 0.1 for temple, which value (0.7 0.1). OC EC 129.40 97.68 1.16 2.31 respectively, significantly (OC = 27.70 7.66 1.63 0.93 m-3). Furthermore, OC/EC (20.24) similar reported biomass previous research. increase religious activities major factor leading enhancement pollutant levels surrounding areas. provides valuable information carbonaceous aerosols Asia megacities.

Language: Английский

---

Emission of water soluble brown carbon from different combustion sources: optical properties and functional group characterisation

Environmental Research Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. 081002 - 081002

Published: July 24, 2023

Abstract Brown carbon (BrC) has a large impact on the Earth’s radiative balance. This study examined BrC’s optical characteristics, chemical functional groups, and total organic (TOC) in deposited particulate matter from combustion of biomass, fossil fuels, mosquito coil. A UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to assess properties, TOC analyzer quantify TOC, attenuated reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) identify group. The light absorption properties (absorption coefficient (b abs-BrC ), mass efficiency (MAE 365 angstrom exponent (AAE), refractive index (k )) were determined. Among biomasses, wheat straw exhibited greatest value b (27.26 × 10 3 ± 4.09 Mm −1 ) whereas maize had lowest (7.38 1.11 ). higher at nm suggested that chromophores contributed more process. AAE followed this sequence - coil (5.46 0.82) > biomass (5.13 1.45) fuels (2.85 0.32). highest MAE (0.99 0.15 m 2 gC k (0.028 0.004) obtained straw, (0.07 0.011 (0.002) identified octane. Biomasses samples showed strong peak ∼850, ∼1368, ∼1370, ∼1306, near 1640 cm , indicating major component BrC nitrate R-ONO which is responsible increase properties. It also contains complex heterocyclic aromatic ring compounds, carbonyl group (C=O), nitrogen-containing groups such as − NO C ≡ N . projected substantial contribution overall one illustration probable climatic effect biomasses fuel burning Southeast Asian region.

Language: Английский

---

Health Impact Related to Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure as a Spatial Health Risk Map Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 261 - 261

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Chiang Mai has been one of the most polluted cities globally, exceeding PM2.5 quality standards for decades and facing hazardous air pollution on an annual basis. As ambient strongly affects human health, this study aims to investigate hotspots health impact areas due exposure by illustrating a spatial distribution via risk map. The association between concentration were assessed using Pearson’s correlation, focused peak period from January April 2021 in Mai. primary data collected low-cost sensors. is based number hospital admissions all incidences diseases following ICD-10. results showed that highest health-risk located center Mai, especially Mueang district. was highly correlated with incidence dermatitis (R = 0.84), conjunctivitis 0.81), stroke 0.74), lung cancer 0.73). Thus, increased resulted heightened admissions. provide insightful information policymakers local public organizations regarding priority resource management.

Language: Английский

---

Air Pollution Monitoring Using Cost-Effective Devices Enhanced by Machine Learning

Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 1423 - 1423

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Given the significant impact of air pollution on global health, continuous and precise monitoring quality in all populated environments is crucial. Unfortunately, even most developed economies, current networks are largely inadequate. The high cost stations has been identified as a key barrier to widespread coverage, making cost-effective devices potential game changer. However, accuracy measurements obtained from low-cost sensors affected by many factors, including gas cross-sensitivity, environmental conditions, production inconsistencies. Fortunately, machine learning models can capture complex interdependent relationships sensor responses thus enhance their readings accuracy. After gathering placed alongside reference station, data were used train such models. Assessments performance showed that tailored individual units greatly improved measurement accuracy, boosting correlation with reference-grade instruments up 10%. Nonetheless, this research also revealed inconsistencies similar prevent creation unified correction model for given type.

Language: Английский

---

A paradigm shift: Low-cost sensors for effective air quality monitoring and management in developing countries

Environment International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 109521 - 109521

Published: May 10, 2025

This study gives an overview of the air quality monitoring challenges faced by South Asian countries, with a specific focus on Pakistan, and explores potential application low-cost sensors (LCS) to address these issues. Currently, 89% 4.2 million premature global deaths attributable ambient pollution occur in low- middle-income underscoring urgent need for improved abatement measures. In result significant public health economic consequences due institutional financial constraints, limited data availability, transboundary pollution. The situation is exacerbated absence effective regulatory network. proposes shift establishing hybrid network that integrates conventional instruments LCS. current PM2.5 scenario major Pakistani cities analyzed using from 61 LCSs installed nationwide, one TSI BlueSky sensor validated against BAM (Beta Attenuation Monitor) Chakwal. Results show unadjusted values demonstrate strong correlation (Pearson 0.85) reference instrument, acceptable error margins (NRMSE NMAE 8% 6%, respectively), indicating sensor's reliable monitoring. Though adjusted aligned better, analysis focuses broader applicability. These findings suggest combining advanced analytics can serve as technically economically viable solution accurate management Pakistan other developing countries facing similar high concentrations. paradigm enhances capabilities supports informed policy-making initiatives.

Language: Английский

---