Trends in Antibiotic Resistance of Nosocomial and Community-Acquired Infections in Italy

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 651 - 651

Published: March 24, 2023

The World Health Organization has recently identified three categories of pathogens, namely: critical, high, and medium priority, according to the need for new antibiotics. Critical priority pathogens include carbapenem-resistant microorganism (CPO) such as A. baumannii P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., whereas vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE), methicillin S. aureus (MRSA) are in high list. We compared trend antimicrobial resistants (AMRs) clinical isolates, divided by year bacteria samples obtained from nosocomial community patients. Patient records were collected, including age, sex, site infection, isolated organisms, drug susceptibility patterns. From 2019 2022, a total 113,635 bacterial isolates tested, which 11,901 resulted resistants. An increase prevalence several antibiotics resistant was observed. Specifically, percentage CPO cases increased 2.62% 4.56%, MRSA 1.84% 2.81%, VRE 0.58% 2.21%. AMRs increases both nosocomial. Our work aims highlight necessity preventive control measures be adopted order reduce spread multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Metformin Alters mRNA Expression of FOXP3, RORC, and TBX21 and Modulates Gut Microbiota in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 281 - 281

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

COVID-19 remains a significant global concern, particularly for individuals with type 2 diabetes who face an elevated risk of hospitalization and mortality. Metformin, primary treatment diabetes, demonstrates promising pleiotropic properties that may substantially mitigate disease severity expedite recovery. Our study the gut microbiota mRNA expression pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory T-lymphocyte subpopulations showed metformin increases bacterial diversity while modulating gene related to T-lymphocytes. This found people did not take had downregulated FOXP3 by 6.62-fold, upregulated RORC 29.0-fold, TBX21 1.78-fold, compared control group. On other hand, patients 1.96-fold upregulation in group, along 1.84-fold downregulation 11.4-fold expression. Additionally, we correlation (F/B ratio alpha-diversity index) biomarkers. novel observation metformin’s impact on T-cells opens new horizons further exploration through clinical trials validate confirm our data. The potential modulate immune responses enhance suggests avenue therapeutic interventions facing increased severe outcomes from COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Saliva as Biomarker for Oral and Chronic Degenerative Non-Communicable Diseases

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 889 - 889

Published: July 27, 2023

Saliva is a very complex fluid and it essential to maintain several physiological processes functions, including oral health, taste, digestion immunological defenses. composition the microbiome can be influenced by factors, like diet smoking habits, their alteration represent an important access point for pathogens and, thus, systemic illness onset. In this review, we explore potentiality of saliva as new tool early detection some pathological conditions, such diseases, chronic degenerative non-communicable among these kidney disease (CKD). We also examined possible correlation between diseases gut microbiota dysbiosis. particular, deeply analyzed relationship CKD. context, salivary parameters device detect either or pathologies. Moreover, positive modulation induced prebiotics, postbiotics, symbiotics could adjuvant therapy in clinical management

Language: Английский

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Phage lysins for intestinal microbiome modulation: current challenges and enabling techniques

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

The importance of the microbiota in intestinal tract for human health has been increasingly recognized. In this perspective, microbiome modulation, a targeted alteration microbial composition, gained interest. Phage lysins, peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes encoded by bacteriophages, are promising new class antibiotics currently under clinical development treating bacterial infections. Due to their high specificity, lysins considered microbiome-friendly. This review explores opportunities and challenges using as modulators. First, specificity endolysins, which can be further modulated protein engineering or delivery methods, is discussed. Next, obstacles possible solutions assess microbiome-friendliness considered. Finally, lysin discussed, including methods such particle-based probiotic vehicles. Mapping hurdles developing modulators identifying ways overcome these help development. way, application innovative antimicrobial agents expanded, thereby taking full advantage characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Gut Microbiota: Systematic Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

The gut microbiota is a community situated in the gastrointestinal tract that consists of bacteria thriving and contributing to functions our body. It heavily influenced by what individuals eat, as quality, amount, frequency food consumed can favor inhibit specific bacteria. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) common but detrimental condition arises from excessive hyperglycemia, leading either insulin resistance or damage B-cells produce pancreas. A poor diet high sugar fats leads this persists, it lead development T2DM. Both are greatly affected an individual consumes, there more involved relationship between T2DM? This paper aimed evaluate changes patients with T2DM impacts microbiota. Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria prevailed healthy control, their abundance varied greatly. There was also significant decrease like Lactobacilli spp. F. prausnitizii associated resistance. High levels BMI have been increased A. muciniphilia, which has decreased fat metabolism BMI. Metabolites such butyrates melatonin identified influencing progression Testosterone T2DM, males lower testosterone greater Gemella, Lachnospiraceae, Massiia. Identifying these how they impact body may treatment addressing dysfunction altered to. Future research should address methods diets, exercise, anti-diabetics affect see if influence sustained reduced hyperglycemia.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Gut Microbial Species on Diabetes Mellitus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 8118 - 8118

Published: May 1, 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with an alarming incidence rate and considerable burden on the patient's life health care providers. An increase in blood glucose level insulin resistance characterizes it. Internal external factors such as urbanization, obesity, genetic mutations could risk of DM. Microbes gut influence overall through immunity nutrition. Recently, more studies have been conducted to evaluate estimate role microbiome diabetes development, progression, management. This review summarizes current knowledge addressing three main bacterial species: Bifidobacterium adolescentis, bifidum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus their its underlying molecular mechanisms. Most illustrate that using those species positively reduces levels activates inflammatory markers. Additionally, we reported relationship between metformin, one commonly used antidiabetic drugs. Overall, research needed understand development diabetes. Furthermore, efforts are required standardize model used, concentration ranges, interpretation tools advance field further.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the impact of type 2 diabetes and glucose-lowering drugs on gut microbiome dynamics

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Specific dietary fibers steer towards distal colonic saccharolytic fermentation using the microbiota of individuals with overweight/obesity

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 116271 - 116271

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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From Lipids to Glucose: Investigating the Role of Dyslipidemia in the Risk of Insulin Resistance

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106744 - 106744

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Curcumin and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Overview with Focus on Glycemic Control

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7710 - 7710

Published: July 14, 2024

Turmeric is a spice widely used in China, Southeast Asia, and traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Its safety profile efficacy as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-obesity agent have led to extensive research into its potential role preventing treating metabolic diseases. The active compound turmeric curcumin, which exhibits low systemic bioavailability after oral administration. However, it detectable the gut, where bidirectionally interacts with gut microbiota (GM), plays crucial maintaining host health. favorable effects of particularly hypoglycemic properties, are linked alteration intestinal dysbiosis observed type 2 diabetes mellitus syndrome patients. Restoration eubiotic GM may contribute glycemic homeostasis. Preclinical clinical studies demonstrated involvement regulation glucose lipid metabolism. Although underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood, associated insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation. In present overview, we summarize biological properties focusing on link and, therefore,

Language: Английский

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