Associations between type III interferons, obesity and clinical severity of COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 22, 2025

Introduction Severe COVID-19 is characterized by hyperimmune host responses contributing to airway damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Type III interferons (IFN), including IFN lambda 4 (IFNλ4), expressed in individuals harboring the rs368234815-ΔG allele, are implicated immune viral infections, SARS-CoV-2. Methods We investigated associations between IFNλ4 expression through genotyping disease severity 853 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases enrolled All-Ireland Infectious Diseases Cohort. Additionally, we measured plasma levels of I, II using quantitative immunoassays along with a sub-group [n=321 (37.6%)] samples available within 10 days symptom onset. was 382 (44.8%) but not significantly associated severity. Results Within sub-group, found no consistent circulating IFNs. However, observed increased IFNλ1 IFNλ2 severe (P<0.01), remaining after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) (P<0.001). Interestingly, although were higher subjects obesity, association only without (P<0.01). Conclusion These data reveal an important role as correlate that predicts severity, which may be masked those obesity.

Language: Английский

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The clinical outcomes and effectiveness of antiviral agents among underweight patients with COVID-19

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Objectives This study investigated the outcomes of underweight patients with COVID-19 and effectiveness antiviral agents in this population.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacovigilance in Vaccines: Importance, Main Aspects, Perspectives, and Challenges—A Narrative Review

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 807 - 807

Published: June 19, 2024

Pharmacovigilance plays a central role in safeguarding public health by continuously monitoring the safety of vaccines, being critical climate vaccine hesitancy, where trust is paramount. strategies employed to gather information on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) include pre-registration data, media reports, clinical trials, and societal reporting. Early detection AEFIs during trials crucial for thorough analysis preventing serious reactions once vaccines are deployed. This review highlights importance reporting, encompassing contributions from community members, healthcare workers, pharmaceutical companies. Technological advancements such as quick response (QR) codes can facilitate prompt AEFI While demonstrably safe, possibility necessitates continuous post-marketing surveillance. However, underreporting remains challenge, underscoring engagement pharmacovigilance. narrative comprehensively examines synthesizes key aspects virus pharmacovigilance, with special considerations specific population groups. We explore applicable legislation, spectrum associated major unique challenges perspectives surrounding pharmacovigilance this domain.

Language: Английский

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The effects of bupropion alone and combined with naltrexone on weight loss: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 24, 2024

Abstract Background The global prevalence of obesity and overweight is a significant concern in the field public health. However, addressing combating these conditions pose considerable challenges. Numerous interventional studies have been conducted to assess possible impact bupropion on weight reduction. primary objective this study was conduct comprehensive investigation into effects bupropiona alone combination with naltrexone weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC). Methods A systematic search five databases using established keywords. purpose uncover controlled trials that examined bupropion, either as standalone intervention or naltrexone, loss outcomes. random-effects model analysis used provide pooled weighted mean difference 95% confidence intervals. Results Twenty 22,165 participants’ were included article. findings showed administration has an effect lowering (WMD: -3.67 kg, CI: -4.43 -2.93) WC -2.98 cm, CI -3.78 -2.19) compared control groups. also present during are > 26 weeks ≤ other group, respectively. In addition, changes after receiving together more alone. Conclusions conclusion, addition therapies like lifestyle modifications including diet would cause loss.

Language: Английский

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Addressing Inequality in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: A Snapshot from Clinical Symptoms to Vaccine Distribution

COVID, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 170 - 190

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

On 30 January 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of global concern. became pandemic on 11 March and spread unprecedently. No country was prepared to face its impact. Major fears started be expressed for Africa, where dramatic consequences were expected, due the weakness systems. In this review, we related major concerns, at that time but still present, regarding limited resources in terms qualified physicians researchers, as well scarce funds purchase essential medical equipment improve hospital infrastructures. The difficulties provide proper care an undeniable mark inequality, highlighting need empower local capacity raise preparedness against infection outbreaks. transmissibility genetic variants affecting African nations, immunopathology underlying comorbidities, sequelae, pre-existing conditions, often changes iron metabolism enhancing severity, described. obstacles adopting standardized prevention measures highlighted, along with testing biases inequity healthcare access vaccine distribution. By providing better understanding draw attention collaborative efforts leverage quality research continent.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Rates in the First Four Epidemic Waves in Hungary in a Single-Center Study with Special Regard to Critically Ill Patients in an Intensive Care Unit

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 153 - 153

Published: March 1, 2023

Different variants of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome, caused several epidemic surges in Hungary. The severity these varied due to the different virulences variants. In single-center, retrospective, observational study, we aimed assess and compare morbidities mortality rates across waves I IV with special regard hospitalized, critically ill patients. A significant difference was found between morbidity (p < 0.001) ICU = 0.002), while in-hospital 0.503) did not differ significantly. Patients under invasive ventilation had higher incidence bloodstream infection (aOR: 8.91 [4.43-17.95] p 0.001), which significantly increased (OR: 3.32 [2.01-5.48]; 0.001). Our results suggest that Waves III IV, by alpha (B.1.1.7) delta (B.1.617.2) variants, respectively, were more terms morbidity. high clinicians should be aware risk patients, especially when is used.

Language: Английский

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Individual and mutual effects of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity on acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality rates in clinical patients: a multicentre study

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 21, 2023

Patients with comorbidities are more vulnerable to severe clinical cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 require complex health care. To analyse the association between individual combined effects diabetes, hypertension, obesity on ARDS mortality rates among patients receiving A multicentre study encompassing retrospective data analysis conducted 21,121 from 6,723 services across Brazil, during 2020–2022 time period. The sample group consisted both sexes different age groups who received care showed at least one comorbidity. collected were analysed using binary logistic regressions Chi-square test. overall rate was 38.7%, a higher predominance males ( p &lt; 0.001), mixed-race individuals older adults 0.001). main comorbidity variables associated leading death arterial hypertension diabetes mellitus cardiovascular diseases 0.001) Both progressed recovery (48.4%) (20.5%) presented only χ 2 (1,749) = 8, respectively. isolated greatest impact outcomes (95% CI 2.48–3.05, followed by 1.85–2.41, 1.05–1.22, even after adjusting for sex number simultaneous comorbidities. Diabetes obesity, as conditions, had greater influence deaths compared those mutual diagnosis obesity.

Language: Английский

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Association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and multiple myeloma hospitalization burden: A national retrospective study

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Obesity and metabolic disorders were associated with increased risk of MM, a disease characterized by high relapsing require frequent hospitalizations. In this study, we conducted retrospective cohort study to explore the association obesity phenotypes readmission MM.We analyzed 34,852 patients diagnosed MM from Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD), nationally representative database US. Hospitalization diagnosis obtained using ICD-10 codes. According status, population was divided into four phenotypes: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), unhealthy (MUNO), obese (MHO), (MUO). The different observed for hospital at days 30-day, 60-day, 90-day 180-day. Multivariate cox regression model used estimate relationship between readmissions risk.There 5,400 (15.5%), 7,255 (22.4%), 8,025 (27.0%) 7,839 (35.6%) unplanned within 180-day follow-up, respectively. For compared MHNO phenotype, those MUNO (90-day: P = 0.004; 180-day: < 0.001) MUO 0.049; 0.004) showed higher readmission, while only MHO 0.170; 0.090) experienced no risk. However, similar associations not 30-day 60-day. Further analysis in follow-up revealed that, elevated increase combined factor numbers, aHR 1.068 (CI: 1.002-1.137, 0.043, one factor), 1.109 1.038-1.184, 0.002, two factors) 1.125 (95% CI: 1.04-1.216, 0.003, three factors), respectively.Metabolic disorders, rather than obesity, independently whereas number factors. effect on seems be time-dependent. patient more attention should paid advance directives reduce rate hospitalization burden.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Comorbidity on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Single- Center Retrospective Study

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2024

The global spread of COVID-19 has had a profound impact on human health, with millions people infected and significant death. Comorbidities play pivotal role in the prognosis patients. aim this study was to assess comorbidity mortality patients Single-Centre Retrospective Study. characteristics results admitted KLE's Hospital Belgaum, Karnataka, India, were examined through retrospective research. 642 participants having diagnoses between October 1, 2020, September 30, 2021 enrolled Data such as, patients' clinical features, vital signs, demographic information outcomes (survived or deceased) collected. findings showed that out patients, 256 co morbidities, 62.8% them poly morbidity most prevalent underlying medical conditions hypertension, diabetes, heart disease which affected 30.7%, 29.1, 7.9%, respectively. Only diabetes renal reported strong associations (P.value: 0.011, aOR: 1.852 95% CI: 1.148–2.988), (p.value: 0.000, 6.491 (95% 2.613–16.124), Furthermore, kidney disease, mellitus can lead more serious complications death Understanding these comorbidities is essential for effective patient care resource allocation.

Language: Английский

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Updated Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccines Reduce Risk of Hospitalization and Severe Outcomes in Adults: An Observational Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 208 - 219

Published: May 1, 2024

Background: This study evaluates the real-world effectiveness of updated bivalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in adults, as virus evolves and need for new vaccinations increases. Methods: In this observational, retrospective, multi-center, cohort analysis, we examined emergency care encounters with COVID-19 metro Detroit, Michigan, from January 1, 2022, to March 9, 2023. Patients were categorized by vaccination status: unvaccinated, fully vaccinated, vaccinated boosted (FV&B), or (FV&BB). The primary outcome was assess impact on risk composite severe outcomes (intensive unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, death) among patients presenting a hospital diagnosis COVID-19. Results: A total 21,439 met inclusion criteria: 9,630 (44.9%) 9,223 (43.0%) 2,180 (10.2%) FV&B, 406 (1.9%) FV&BB. average age 48.8, 59.6% female; 61.1% White, 32.8% Black, 6.0% other races. Severe affected 5.5% overall: 5.0% 5.7% 7.0% 4.7% FV&BB (P = 0.001). rates admitted 13.3% 11.9% 12.2% boosted, 8.1% 0.052). group showed 4.0% 0.0369) lower compared FV&B 5.1% 0.0203) probability hospitalization. Conclusions: As acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues mutate evolve, are necessary better combat hospital-based population, investigation demonstrates incremental benefit booster vaccine reducing hospitalization those diagnosed all forms vaccination. J Clin Med Res. 2024;16(5):208-219 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr5145

Language: Английский

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