Ensitrelvir in patients with SARS-CoV-2: A retrospective chart review

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 946 - 950

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Lung Autopsy Findings in Elderly Patients after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 2070 - 2070

Published: March 6, 2023

Although COVID-19 may cause various and multiorgan diseases, few research studies have examined the postmortem pathological findings of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals who died. Active autopsy results be crucial for understanding how infection operates preventing severe effects. In contrast to younger persons, however, patient’s age, lifestyle, concomitant comorbidities might alter morpho-pathological aspects damaged lungs. Through a systematic analysis available literature until December 2022, we aimed provide thorough picture histopathological characteristics lungs in patients older than 70 years died COVID-19. A search was conducted on three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web Science), including 18 total 478 autopsies performed. It observed that average age 75.6 years, which 65.4% were men. COPD identified an 16.7% all patients. Autopsy indicated significantly heavier lungs, with weight right lung 1103 g, while left mass had 848 g. Diffuse alveolar damage main finding 67.2% autopsies, pulmonary edema prevalence between 50% 70%. Thrombosis also significant finding, some described focal extensive infarctions 72.7% elderly Pneumonia bronchopneumonia observed, ranging from 47.6% 89.5%. Other important less detail comprise hyaline membranes, proliferation pneumocytes fibroblasts, suppurative bronchopneumonic infiltrates, intra-alveolar edema, thickened septa, desquamation pneumocytes, multinucleated giant cells, intranuclear inclusion bodies. These should corroborated children’s adults’ autopsies. Postmortem examination as technique studying microscopic macroscopic features lead better knowledge pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, hence enhancing patient care.

Language: Английский

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Fusion protein-based COVID-19 vaccines exemplified by a chimeric vaccine based on a single fusion protein (W-PreS-O)

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

In this article we discuss characteristics of fusion protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We focus on recombinant vaccine antigens comprising proteins consisting combinations SARS-CoV-2-derived or peptides antigens/peptides with SARS-CoV-2-unrelated proteins/peptides. These are made to increase the immunogenicity and/or enable special targeting immune system. The approach is exemplified solely in a proof concept study by using W-PreS-O, chimeric based single protein (W-PreS-O), combining RBDs from Wuhan hu-1 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived PreS surface antigen adsorbed aluminum hydroxide. W-PreS-O was evaluated Syrian hamsters which were immunized three times at three-week intervals hydroxide (placebo) before they infected BA.1. Neutralizing antibody (nAB) titers, weight, lung symptoms, viral loads, as measured RT-PCR upper lower respiratory tracts, determined. addition, infectious titers lungs plaque-forming assay. found that W-PreS-O-vaccinated developed robust nABs against BA.1, showed almost no development pneumonia, had significantly reduced lungs. Importantly, loads nasal cavities close above PCR cycle threshold considered be non-infectious. data our proof-of-concept provides compelling evidence has protective effect hamster vivo infection model thus support promising results obtained also for other

Language: Английский

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Ensitrelvir in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 During the Omicron Epidemic: A Single-Center Observational Study

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 19, 2025

Ensitrelvir, a novel oral 3C-like protease inhibitor targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has been available in Japan since November 2022. This report presents patient characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients receiving ensitrelvir with comparison to remdesivir during the same period. A single-center chart review was conducted at Rinku General Medical Center, one four designated medical institutions for specific infectious diseases Japan. All hospitalized disease 2019 (COVID-19) between 2022 August 2024 who received either or accordance on-label dosage administration were included review. Information on background, severity COVID-19, mortality after initiation treatment, post-treatment virologic outcomes, clinical collected from electronic records. Day 28 mortality, time discharge, viral clearance calculated without adjustment using inverse probability weighting (IPTW) method. During study period, 156 337 as initial treatments, average ages 76.8 75.7 years, respectively. For baseline severity, 24.4% recipients 50.7% had moderate COVID-19. All-cause day 1.9% 5.9% hazard ratio 0.32 (95% CI 0.09-1.07). IPTW 3.8% 5.7%, respectively, 0.66 0.19-2.29). Time discharge shorter ensitrelvir, similar groups. Ensitrelvir demonstrated low even among advanced age, immunosuppressive conditions, These findings may suggest potential role registered UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (study ID UMIN000056047).

Language: Английский

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Fungal Infections Identified with Multiplex PCR in Severe COVID-19 Patients during Six Pandemic Waves

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(7), P. 1253 - 1253

Published: July 5, 2023

Background and Objectives: With an increasing number of severe COVID-19 cases presenting with secondary fungal infections, this study aimed to determine the prevalence co-infections in patients across six waves, identify most common pathogens associated COVID-19, explore any potential links between patient characteristics, therapeutic strategies, type infection. Materials Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on admitted Infectious Diseases Pulmonology Hospital, “Victor Babes”, Romania, March 2020 August 2022. Samples were collected from respiratory specimens, blood, urine, after which a standard nucleic acid extraction protocol employed. Patients divided into groups without identified using multiplex PCR. The compared based demographic data, comorbidities, pandemic wave number, clinical outcomes. Results: Out 288 patients, 96 (33.3%) had Candida spp. being common. infections higher rates obesity (35.4% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.010) Charlson comorbidity index (CCI > 2) (37.5% vs 25.0%, 0.027). Ventilator use significantly infection group (45.8% 18.8%; < 0.001), as ICU admission (39.6% 26.6%; 0.024) mortality (32.3% 12.0%; 0.001). distribution different species varied no statistical significance (p 0.209). risk notably increased degree drug resistance (OR for three or more resistances 6.71, second, fourth, fifth waves 3.72, 3.61, 4.08, respectively, all Aspergillus Mucor 4.61 6.08, both Conclusions: Our indicates significant presence among that is morbidity mortality, particularly drug-resistant infections. These findings underline necessity comprehensive diagnostic approaches tailored treatment strategies managing especially during specific particular Further research required understand implications these their management.

Language: Английский

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A Review on the Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant on Elderly Patients with Diverse Co-Morbidities

Biologics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 138 - 157

Published: June 9, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a catastrophic impact on the world for past 3 years. now returned with emergence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Within two months its first in South Africa, became most dominating variant around world, being cause majority new infections at present. presented greatest transmission rate all previous variants despite presence mass vaccinations and acquired immunity. Several monoclonal antibodies mRNA vaccines have failed to produce desired effects owing large number mutations present introduction booster dose proven be great addition therapeutic armamentarium against Immunocompromised patients including elderly, cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, those multiple comorbidities been greater risk developing severe diseases since pre-Omicron era. again raised threat this population. protection from disease mortality rates through utilization immunizations controversial subgroup patients. Thus, designing large-scale studies evaluate effectiveness these can provide evidence-based recommendations improve survival This article attempts discuss different subvariants Omicron, differences mutational aspects along particular focus consequences infection elderly population diverse comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Divergent pathogenetic outcomes in BALB/c mice following Omicron subvariant infection

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 341, P. 199319 - 199319

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Following the emergence of B.1.1.529 Omicron, SARS-CoV-2 virus evolved into a significant number sublineage variants that possessed numerous mutations throughout genome, but particularly within spike glycoprotein (S) gene. For example, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 XBB.1.5 subvariants contained 34 41 in S, respectively. However, these elicited largely replication only or mild disease phenotypes mice. To better model pathogenic outcomes measure countermeasure performance, we developed mouse adapted versions (BQ.1.1 MA; MA) reflect more acute phase pulmonary symptoms SARS-CoV-2, as well derivative strains expressing nano-luciferase (nLuc) place ORF7 nLuc; nLuc). Amongst (MA) viruses, wide range were observed including mortality, weight loss, lung dysfunction, tissue viral loads nasal turbinates. Intriguingly, MA strains, which identical except at position F486S/P exhibited divergent mice (Ao et al., 2023). infection was associated with loss ∼45 % mortality across two independent studies, while infected animals suffered from 10 same studies. Additionally, development use nanoluciferase provided moderate throughput for live neutralization assays. The availability small animal models assessment Omicron VOC potential will enable refined capacity to evaluate efficacy on market pre-clinical therapeutics interventions.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccination: 2023 Taiwan Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (TAGG) consensus statements

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 1, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic remains challenging due to the rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This article discusses recent findings on high-risk groups for mortality and morbidity, along with consensus statements from 2023 Taiwan Association Gerontology Geriatrics (TAGG) meeting. It examines evidence viral mutation mechanisms, emerging variants, their implications vaccination strategies. underscores advanced age, immunocompromised status, chronic medical conditions, occupational exposure, socioeconomic disparities as significant risk factors outcomes. TAGG's emphasizes robust promotion, prioritizing elderly, groups, individualized multi-dose regimens patients, simplified clinical guidelines. Discussions global regional recommendations regular, variant-adapted boosters highlight non-seasonal nature COVID-19. Key agreements include escalating domestic preparedness, implementing vigorous risk-based vaccination, adapting guidelines local contexts. Given ongoing evolution, proactive adjustment policies is essential. Scientific consensus, tailored recommendations, knowledge dissemination are vital optimizing protection among vulnerable in Taiwan. seeks inform practice public health policy by summarizing expert-driven perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Treatment with ensitrelvir for COVID-19 in hospitalized patients of very advanced age: Case series

Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(30), P. e39080 - e39080

Published: July 26, 2024

Ensitrelvir fumaric acid (ensitrelvir) is an orally active 3C-like protease inhibitor used to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. was granted emergency use authorization in Japan 2022, but reports on the effectiveness and safety of ensitrelvir actual clinical settings are limited.

Language: Английский

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Risk factors for the in‑hospital and 1‑year mortality of elderly patients hospitalized due to COVID‑19‑related pneumonia

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by poor outcomes and a high mortality rate, particularly among elderly patients. Since the beginning of pandemic, an older age has been recognized as critical risk factor for severity, with increasing rates in each decade life. This phenomenon may be consequence previous health status, higher prevalence pre-existing comorbidities degree frailty. The majority studies on factors patients refer to first waves pandemic predictors in-hospital these aim present study was provide detailed description clinical characteristics management cohort (≥65 years age) who were hospitalized COVID-19-related pneumonia all phases presenting their outcomes, investigating out-of-hospital over period 1 year this vulnerable population. A total 1,124 (603 males, 53.7%) mean 78.51±7.42 median Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) 5 included study. Of patients, 104 (9.3%) during original strain Wuhan, 385 (34.3%) Alpha variant, 221 (19.7%) Delta 414 (36.8%) Omicron variant. Overall, rate 33.4% (375 patients), 1-year 44.7% (502 patients). had not vaccinated or completed full vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (843 75%), given infection. Age, immature granulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, ferritin chest X-ray score, well absence vaccination, cough fatigue, statistically significantly independently associated mortality, while age, LDH alanine aminotransferase CCI, history dementia mortality. On whole, demonstrates that both due are high.

Language: Английский

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