M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 106(2), P. 345 - 358

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

Macrophages play an important role in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Plasticity functional polarization are hallmarks macrophages. commonly exist two distinct subsets: classically activated macrophages (M1) alternatively (M2). M2b, subtype M2 macrophages, has attracted increasing attention over the past decade due to its strong immune-regulated anti-inflammatory effects. A stimuli multiple factors modulate M2b macrophage vitro vivo. possess both protective pathogenic roles various diseases. Understanding mechanisms activation modulation their might provide great perspective for design novel therapeutic strategies. The purpose this review is discuss current knowledge polarization, diseases polarization.

Language: Английский

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Macrophage Polarization in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 15, 2019

The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the process pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines play pivotal roles in maintenance maternal-fetal tolerance. Here, we summarized current knowledge macrophage polarization mechanisms involved physiological or pathological processes, including miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth. Although evidence provides a compelling argument that are important our understanding still rudimentary. Since exhibit functional plasticity, they may be ideal targets for therapeutic manipulation during pregnancy. Additional studies needed to better define functions various subsets both normal

Language: Английский

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Adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 111315 - 111315

Published: Feb. 7, 2021

Currently, obesity has become a global health issue and is referred to as an epidemic. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue plays pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance. However, mechanism how dysfunctional obese-adipose develops insulin-resistant circumstances remains poorly understood. Therefore, this review attempts highlight potential mechanisms behind obesity-associated Multiple risk factors are directly or indirectly associated with increased obesity; among them, environmental factors, genetics, aging, gut microbiota, diets prominent. Once individual becomes obese, adipocytes increase their size; therefore, tissues larger dysfunctional, recruit macrophages, then these polarize pro-inflammatory states. Enlarged release excess free fatty acids (FFAs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines. Excess systemic FFAs dietary lipids enter inside cells non-adipose organs such liver, muscle, pancreas, deposited ectopic fat, generating lipotoxicity. Toxic dysregulate cellular organelles, e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes. Dysregulated organelles ROS pro-inflammation, resulting inflammation. Long term low-grade inflammation prevents from its action signaling pathway, disrupts glucose homeostasis, results dysregulation. Overall, long-term overnutrition develop into resistance chronic through lipotoxicity, creating clinical conditions. This also shows that liver most sensitive organ undergoing impairment faster than other organs, thus, hepatic primary event leads subsequent peripheral

Language: Английский

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Macrophage-Based Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 81(5), P. 1201 - 1208

Published: Nov. 17, 2020

Adoptive cell therapy with genetically modified T cells has generated exciting outcomes in hematologic malignancies, but its application to solid tumors proven challenging. This gap spurred the investigation of alternative immune as therapeutics. Macrophages are potent effector whose functional plasticity leads antitumor well protumor function different settings, and this led notable efforts deplete or repolarize tumor-associated macrophages. Alternatively, macrophages could be adoptively transferred after ex vivo genetic modification. In review, we highlight role tumors, progress made macrophage-focused immunotherapeutic modalities, emergence chimeric antigen receptor macrophage therapy.

Language: Английский

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Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity polarization. Under pathological conditions, addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages also recruited diseased tissues, polarize various phenotypes (mainly M1 M2) under stimulation of factors microenvironment, thus playing different roles functions. Liver diseases hepatic changes caused by a variety pathogenic (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic disease, metabolic-associated fatty fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies shown that macrophage polarization plays an role initiation development diseases. However, because both pathogenesis complex, mechanism need be further clarified. Therefore, origin mechanisms reviewed first this paper. It is found involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, paper expounds diseases, which aims provide references for research contributing therapeutic strategy ameliorating modulating

Language: Английский

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Design of therapeutic biomaterials to control inflammation

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 557 - 574

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Monocytes and Macrophages as Viral Targets and Reservoirs

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 2821 - 2821

Published: Sept. 18, 2018

Viruses manipulate cell biology to utilize monocytes/macrophages as vessels for dissemination, long-term persistence within tissues and virus replication. enter cells through endocytosis, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis or membrane fusion. These processes play important roles in the mechanisms contributing pathogenesis of these agents establishing viral genome latency. Upon infection, monocytes respond with an elevated expression proinflammatory signalling molecules antiviral responses, is shown case influenza, Chikungunya, human herpes Zika viruses. Human immunodeficiency initiates acute inflammation on site during early stages infection but there a shift M1 M2 at later infection. Cytomegalovirus creates balance between pro- anti-inflammatory by inducing specific phenotype M1/M2 continuum. Despite facilitating inflammation, infected macrophages generally display abolished apoptosis restricted cytopathic effect, which sustains production. The majority viruses discussed this review employ repository certain use productive This focuses adaptations monocytes/macrophages, immune escape, reprogramming response host cells.

Language: Английский

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CD38: An Immunomodulatory Molecule in Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 30, 2020

CD38 is a molecule that can act as an enzyme, with NAD-depleting and intracellular signaling activity, or receptor adhesive functions. be found expressed either on the cell surface, where it may face extracellular milieu cytosol, in compartments, such endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, mitochondria. The main expression of observed hematopoietic cells, some cell-type specific differences between mouse human. role immune cells ranges from modulating differentiation to effector functions during inflammation, regulate recruitment, cytokine release, NAD availability. In line appears also play critical inflammatory processes autoimmunity, although whether has pathogenic regulatory effects varies depending disease, cell, animal model analyzed. Given complexity physiology been difficult completely understand biology this autoimmune inflammation. review, we analyze current knowledge controversies regarding inflammation autoimmunity novel molecular tools clarify gaps field.

Language: Английский

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Vital pulp therapy: histopathology and histobacteriology-based guidelines to treat teeth with deep caries and pulp exposure

Journal of Dentistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 41 - 52

Published: May 20, 2019

Language: Английский

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A versatile nanocomposite based on nanoceria for antibacterial enhancement and protection from aPDT-aggravated inflammation via modulation of macrophage polarization

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 120614 - 120614

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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