Decoding Neurodegeneration: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12613 - 12613

Published: Nov. 24, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, and Huntington's, remain formidable challenges in medicine, with their relentless progression limited therapeutic options. These diseases arise from a web of molecular disturbances-misfolded proteins, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic mutations-that slowly dismantle neuronal integrity. Yet, recent scientific breakthroughs are opening new paths to intervene these once-intractable conditions. This review synthesizes the latest insights into underlying dynamics neurodegeneration, revealing how intertwined pathways drive course diseases. With an eye on most promising advances, we explore innovative therapies emerging cutting-edge research: nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems capable navigating blood-brain barrier, gene-editing tools like CRISPR designed correct harmful variants, stem cell strategies that not only replace lost neurons but foster neuroprotective environments. Pharmacogenomics is reshaping treatment personalization, enabling tailored align individual profiles, while diagnostics biomarkers ushering era early, precise disease detection. Furthermore, novel perspectives gut-brain axis sparking interest mounting evidence suggests microbiome modulation may play role reducing neuroinflammatory responses linked neurodegenerative progression. Taken together, advances signal shift toward comprehensive, personalized approach could transform care. By integrating techniques, this offers forward-looking perspective future where treatments aim just manage symptoms fundamentally alter progression, presenting renewed hope for improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: a key frontier for future targeted therapies

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide. Patients gradually exhibit cognitive decline, such as memory loss, aphasia, and changes in personality behavior. Research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role onset progression AD. Mitochondrial primarily leads to increased oxidative stress, imbalances dynamics, impaired mitophagy, genome abnormalities. These abnormalities are closely associated with amyloid-beta tau protein pathology, collectively accelerating process. This review summarizes mitochondria development AD, latest research progress, explores potential mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies Targeting mitochondria-related pathways may significantly improve quality life AD patients future.

Language: Английский

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Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis

Open Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Neuroinflammation represents a critical pathway in the brain for clearance of foreign bodies and maintenance homeostasis. When neuroinflammatory process is dysregulate, such as over-activation microglia, which results excessive accumulation free oxygen inflammatory factors brain, among other factors, it can lead to an imbalance homeostasis development various diseases. Recent research has indicated that numerous neurodegenerative diseases closely associated with neuroinflammation. The pathogenesis neuroinflammation intricate, involving alterations genes proteins, well activation inhibition signaling pathways. Furthermore, inflammation result neuronal cell apoptosis, further exacerbate extent disease. This article presents summary recent studies on relationship between apoptosis caused by aim identify link two provide new ideas targets exploring pathogenesis, prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Mapping the pathogenic nexus: Gene overlap and protein interaction networks in Alzheimer’s and breast cancer as a precursor to protein structure prediction and analysis

Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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BCL6 maintains survival and self-renewal of primary human acute myeloid leukemia cells

Blood, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 137(6), P. 812 - 825

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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