Diabetic heart disease: A clinical update

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 383 - 406

Published: April 8, 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of heart disease, and DM-related healthcare expenditure is predominantly for management cardiovascular complications. Diabetic disease a conglomeration coronary artery (CAD), cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The Framingham study clearly showed 2 to 4-fold excess CAD in patients with DM. Pathogenic mechanisms, clinical presentation, options DM-associated are somewhat different from among nondiabetics. Higher prevalence at lower age more aggressive make individuals vulnerable premature death. Although common individuals, CAN DCM often under-recognised undiagnosed Structural functional alterations myocardial innervation related uncontrolled diabetes result damage nerves, causing CAN. Similarly, cardiomyocytes complex pathophysiological processes DM results DCM, form diagnosed absence other causes structural disease. Though optimal early stages can reduce it impractical real world due many reasons. Therefore, imperative every clinician involved care have good understanding pathophysiology, picture, diagnostic methods, diabetes-related illness, morbidity mortality patients. This review empower global scientific fraternity up-to-date knowledge on

Language: Английский

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NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis and risk of Parkinson's disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review and new perspective

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(13), P. 1775 - 1789

Published: May 21, 2023

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative after Alzheimer's (AD). Genetic predisposition and immune dysfunction are involved in pathogenesis of PD. Notably, peripheral inflammatory disorders neuroinflammation associated with PD neuropathology. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to hyperglycaemia‐induced oxidative stress release pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Particularly, insulin resistance (IR) T2DM promotes degeneration dopaminergic neurons substantia nigra (SN). Thus, T2DM‐induced predispose development progression PD, their targeting may reduce risk T2DM. Therefore, this narrative review aims find potential link between by investigating role signalling pathways, mainly nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) nod‐like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. NF‐κB implicated T2DM, activation induction neuronal apoptosis was also confirmed patients. Systemic NLRP3 inflammasome accumulation α‐synuclein SN. Increasing patients enhances interleukin (IL)‐1β followed systemic inflammation neuroinflammation. In conclusion, NF‐κB/NLRP3 axis could be causal pathway The mechanisms triggered activated lead pancreatic β‐cell attenuation changes inhibiting early future risk.

Language: Английский

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Lagopsis supina Extract: Antioxidant, Adipogenic, and Ani-Inflammatory Effects

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 150 - 150

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background/Objectives: Lagopsis supina, a traditional Chinese medicine valued for its diuretic properties, has limited research on antioxidant, adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition biological activities of supina extract (LSE). Methods: LSE was prepared evaluated antioxidant activity, effects adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, properties RAW 264.7 macrophages. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS)-based molecular networking used characterize secondary metabolites. Results: exhibited activity DPPH ABTS assays. It significantly enhanced preadipocytes into mature adipocytes during early intermediate stages by upregulating adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, along with promoting cyclin E expression. also increased PPARγ expression target genes, Glut 4, PEPCK, FABP4, Plin2. Moreover, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation macrophages downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6) inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Chemical profiling revealed eight major compound groups: glycosides, organic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylglycosides, phenolics, fatty others characterized their fragmentation patterns, precursors, UV absorption spectra. In silico analysis confirmed these compounds’ bioactivities, demonstrating strong interactions binding affinities protein targets. Conclusions: These findings highlight LSE’s triple therapeutic potential: adipogenesis promotion, attenuation. emerges promising candidate managing obesity related inflammatory complications.

Language: Английский

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Post-traumatic stress disorder, diabetes mellitus, and alpha-lipoic acid

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 82 - 94

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prognostic factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), increases risk cardiometabolic pathologies and neurodegenerative diseases. At same time, T2DM MetS can also cause major neurosis-like psychiatric symptoms characteristic PTSD. Their influence manifested through negative effects on central nervous system, in particular Oxidative chronic low-grade inflammation play an important role pathophysiology PTSD, MetS, T2DM, making them main therapeutic targets. Targeted oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism disorders, use antioxidants, α-lipoic acid (ALA), positively affect not only course comorbidities but manifestations In vitro vivo studies have demonstrated that ALA modulates number pathways associated with stress. addition, results clinical trials confirm antioxidant mechanism action patients obesity, 1 2. The neuroprotective activity being actively studied proving promising as approach treatment PTSD Despite significant potential ALA, its application limited by several barriers. particular, lack standardized protocols, well detailed assessment effectiveness alone. pharmacokinetic profile remains limited, which one factors hinder use. this context, there are certain prospects transportation systems based nanoparticles, potentially solve these problems. technologies so­lid lipid nanoparticles such niosomes, liposomes, nanostructured carriers micelles provide possibility local or systemic ALA. However, further preclinical needed to definitively determine feasibility search was conducted Scopus, Science Direct (from Elsevier) PubMed, including MEDLINE databases. keywords used were “α-lipoic acid”, “post-traumatic disorder”, “diabetes mellitus”, “metabolic syndrome”. A manual bibliography publications identify study could be found during online search.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Inflammation by Anthocyanins as the Novel Therapeutic Potential for Chronic Diseases: An Update

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(14), P. 4380 - 4380

Published: July 20, 2021

Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) and oxidative stress act as cooperative synergistic partners in the pathogenesis of a wide variety diseases. Polyphenols, including anthocyanins, are involved regulating inflammatory state activating endogenous antioxidant defenses. Anthocyanins' effects on markers promising may have potential to exert an anti-inflammatory effect vitro vivo. Therefore, translating these research findings into clinical practice would effectively contribute prevention treatment disease. The present narrative review summarizes results studies from last 5 years context anti-oxidative role anthocyanins both health There is evidence indicate that supplementation regulation pro-inflammatory among healthy disease population. Although inconsistencies between result randomized control trials (RCTs) meta-analyses were also observed. Regarding anthocyanins' markers, there need for long-term allowing quantifiable progression inflammation. can help clinicians other care professionals understand importance use patients with

Language: Английский

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Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases by Flavonols: An Update

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1439 - 1439

Published: March 30, 2022

Flavonols are one of the most plentiful flavonoid subclasses found in natural products and extensively used as dietary supplements. Numerous vitro vivo studies have shown cardioprotective properties flavonols, especially quercetin. This group substances exerts positive impacts primarily due to their antiatherogenic, antithrombotic, antioxidant activities. The potential flavonols promote vasodilation regulation apoptotic processes endothelium other beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. Despite promising experimental findings, randomized controlled trials meta-analyses yielded inconsistent results influence these human parameters. Thus, this review aims summarize recent clinical data intake present study will help clinicians healthcare workers understand value flavonol supplementation both subjects at risk for disease patients with diseases.

Language: Английский

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Multifaceted entrancing role of glucose and its analogue, 2-deoxy-D-glucose in cancer cell proliferation, inflammation, and virus infection

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 113801 - 113801

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Chronic exposure to high glucose inside the human body helps in progression of cancer by activating various signaling pathways including PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Ras, Raf, MAPK, and PKC. Hyperglycemia induces ROS AGE production decreases functional activities cellular antioxidant system. By downregulating prolyl hydroxylase, it stabilizes HIF-α leading EMT-induced inhibition apoptosis. High level increases inflammation creating a pro-inflammatory environment through certain mediators (cytokines, chemokines, leukotrienes), influencing recruitment immune cells, leukocytes inflamed region. impairs response dysregulates formation alteration ETC glutaminolysis which makes hyperglycemic patients more susceptible viral infection. 2-DG is modified form D-glucose, that shows anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral effects. It enters cells GLUT transporters converted into 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate with help hexokinase. inhibits glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway ATP depletion. uptake energy (ATP) halts responsible for progression. promotes anti-inflammatory mediators, macrophage polarization, also modulates function, inflammation. PI3K/Akt/mTOR upregulates AMPK pathway, causing activation SIRT-4 gene reduces lipogenesis, uptake, nucleotide formation, alters replication thus reducing chances

Language: Английский

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The effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on inflammatory factors and heart rate variability in middle‐aged and elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(6)

Published: July 27, 2022

Abstract Objective This study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on serum inflammatory factors and heart rate variability (HRV) in women type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total 30 patients diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 15) an 15). The was treated routine hypoglycemic drugs, while drugs + (AE RT). levels fasting plasma glucose (FBG), two‐hour (2hPG), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) measured before after intervention. HRV evaluated by 24‐h ambulatory electrocardiogram. Results After intervention, FBG, 2hPG, factors, IL‐6 TNF‐α significantly lower than those p < .05) no significant differences CRP > .05). time domain frequency indexes two groups improved compared experiment .01) difference (lnlf) time‐domain indexes, i.e., SDNN RMSSD, as well index, (lnhf), higher group, whereas lnlf/lnhf Conclusions Compared drug therapy, combining helped to reduce level blood T2DM DCAN, nerve function.

Language: Английский

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Disorders of circadian rhythms of heart rate variability in diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: mechanisms and consequences

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 549 - 558

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Abnormalities in heart rate variability (HRV) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease over next six years from 4 to 10 %. It is reported that probability stroke or cardiac death can be immediately reduced by chronobiologically assessing HRV and optimizing timed treatment efficacy. Physiological activities are under control autonomic nervous system. Damage nerves results dysfunction vascular dynamics, particularly neuropathy (CAN). Autonomic imbalance sympathetic (SNS) parasympathetic systems (PSNS) regulation function contributes metabolic abnormalities significant morbidity mortality for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Misalignment circadian rhythms has been evidenced patients DM, there a close relationship between alterations neuroendocrine sleep architecture, clock oscillations, glucose metabolism, function, diurnal profiles blood pressure rate. Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, myocardial infarction, DM characterized increased SNS activity decreased PSNS activity. However, type 2 had decrease both explained which responsible CAN affects fibers. The purpose this review was discuss current state problem rhythm disorders, HRV. Particular attention paid factors diabetic CAN; insights into mechanisms excess associated pathogenesis possible pathogenic pathways binding atherosclerosis progression; genetic epigenetic HRV; disorders. search conducted Scopus, Science Direct (from Else­vier), PubMed, including MEDLINE databases. keywords used were mellitus, neuropathy, rhythms, variability. A manual bibliography publications identify study could not found during online search.

Language: Английский

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Benefits of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides on high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating the gut microbiota in mice

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109908 - 109908

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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