Advancements and Applications of Liquid Biopsies in Oncology: A Narrative Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 31, 2023

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 10 million people died from cancer worldwide in 2020, making it leading cause of mortality. Liquid biopsies, which provide non-invasive and real-time monitoring tumor dynamics, have evolved into innovative diagnostic techniques field oncology. biopsies offer important insights heterogeneity, treatment response, minimum residual disease identification, personalized through analysis circulating DNA (ctDNA), cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles, microRNAs. They several advantages over traditional tissue such as being less invasive, more convenient, representative heterogeneity informative for guiding decisions. are utilized increasingly clinical oncology, particularly patients with metastatic who require ongoing modification. In this narrative review article, we latest developments liquid biopsy technologies, their applications limitations, potential transform diagnosis, prognosis, management patients.

Language: Английский

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Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer: Techniques, applications, and future directions

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(12), P. 1680 - 1705

Published: March 28, 2024

After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy (LB), this technique has evolved to encompass analysis multiple materials originating from tumor, such as nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, tumor-educated platelets, and other metabolites. Additionally, research extended include examination samples than or plasma, saliva, gastric juice, urine, stool. LB techniques are diverse, intricate, variable. They must be highly sensitive, pre-analytical, patient, tumor-related factors significantly influence detection threshold, diagnostic method selection, potential results. Consequently, implementation clinical practice still faces several challenges. The applications range early cancer guiding targeted therapy immunotherapy both advanced cases, monitoring treatment response, identification relapses, assessing patient risk. On hand, (GC) is a disease often diagnosed at stages. Despite recent advances molecular understanding, currently available options have not substantially improved prognosis for many these patients. application GC could valuable non-invasive diagnosis enhancing management outcomes In comprehensive review, pathologist’s perspective, we provide an overview main LB, delve into fundamental principles most studied techniques, explore utility context GC, address obstacles that need overcome future make innovative game-changer within practice.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Role of Cell-Free Nucleic Acids and Peritoneal Dialysis: A Narrative Review

Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 553 - 553

Published: April 26, 2024

Introduction: Cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) represent a promising biomarker of various pathological and physiological conditions. Since its discovery in 1948, cf-NAs gained prognostic value oncology, immunology, other relevant fields. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), blood purification is performed by exposing the membrane. Relevant sections: Complications PD such as acute peritonitis membrane aging are often critical patient management. this review, we focused on bacterial DNA, cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), microRNA (miRNA), their potential uses biomarkers for monitoring complications. For instance, isolation early allows identification subsequent therapy implementation. effluent (PDE) represents marker stress both chronic Moreover, miRNA hallmarks remodeling aging, even before manifestation. scenario, with multiple cytokines involved, mtDNA could be considered equally meaningful to determine tissue inflammation. Conclusions: This review explores relevance PD, demonstrating role diagnosis treatment. Further studies necessary implement use clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Based on Cell-Free DNA Methylation

Cancer Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background: Ovarian cancer stands as the deadliest malignant tumor within female reproductive tract. As a result of absence effective diagnostic and monitoring markers, 75% ovarian cases are diagnosed at late stage, leading to mere 50% survival rate five years. The advancement molecular biology is essential for accurate diagnosis treatment cancer. Methods: A review several randomized clinical trials, focusing on cancer, was undertaken. methods related were examined. Results: Liquid biopsy an innovative method detecting tumors that has gained increasing attention over past few Cell-free DNA assay-based liquid biopsies show potential in delineating status heterogeneity tracking recurrence. methylation influences multitude biological functions diseases, especially during initial phases cell-free profiling system emerged sensitive non-invasive technique identifying origins It holds promise biomarker, enabling early screening, recurrence monitoring, prognostic evaluation Conclusions: This evaluates recent advancements challenges associated with analysis diagnosis, prognosis assessment therapeutic responses management cancers, aiming offer guidance precise this disease.

Language: Английский

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Cell-Free DNA in Plasma and Serum Indicates Disease Severity and Prognosis in Blunt Trauma Patients

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1150 - 1150

Published: March 17, 2023

Background: Trauma is still a major cause of mortality in people < 50 years age. Biomarkers are needed to estimate the severity condition and patient outcome. Methods: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) further laboratory markers were determined plasma serum 164 patients at time admission emergency room. Among them 64 with severe trauma (Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16), 51 moderate (ISS 16) 49 single fractures (24 femur neck 25 ankle fractures). Disease was objectified by ISS Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Results: cfDNA levels significantly higher multiple (SMT) than those (p = 0.002, p 0.003, respectively) or (each 0.001). CfDNA correlated very strongly each other (R 0.91; The AUC ROC curves for identification SMT 0.76 0.74 serum, respectively-this increased 0.84 combination hemoglobin. Within group patients, more severely injured traumatic brain injury (GCS ≤ 8 versus GCS > 8). Thirteen (20.3%) died during first week after trauma. Levels non-surviving survivors 0.001), reaching an 0.81 both, which hemoglobin leukocytes. Conclusions: valuable estimation prognosis patients.

Language: Английский

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DNA Damage in Atrial Fibrillation

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 333 - 336

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Increased amounts of cell-free DNA released from a culture with a high content of cancer stem cells

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 28, 2025

The study and characterization of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has gained significant importance due to its clinical applications as a diagnostic prognostic marker. However, it remains unclear whether all cell populations within tumor or culture contribute equally release. This pioneering research analyzes the contribution cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colon lines amount cfDNA released role cellular transformation. CSC population derived from SW480 line was enriched using non-adhesive system assess quantity electrophoretic profile cfDNA. Subsequently, vitro transformation assays were conducted compare transforming capacity obtained cultures with that non-enriched cultures. Group differences analyzed analysis variance (ANOVA), followed by post hoc interpretation Tukey's test. Our revealed CSCs greater amounts cfDNA, displaying distinct fragment profile. Additionally, different origins influenced characteristics NIH3T3 cells. is first demonstration link between proportions release, suggesting microenvironmental conditions can affect potential induce These findings highlight carcinogenesis biomarker therapeutic target, especially given drug resistance aggressiveness.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the interplay: circulating cell-free DNA, signaling pathways, and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

3 Biotech, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: March 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cell-Free DNA: Features and Attributes Shaping the Next Frontier in Liquid Biopsy

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is changing the face of liquid biopsy as a minimally invasive tool for disease detection and monitoring, with its main applications in oncology prenatal testing, rising roles transplant patient monitoring. However, processes cfDNA biogenesis, fragmentation, clearance are complex require further investigation. Evidence suggests that production relates to mechanisms cell death repair, both which influence fragment size applicability biomarker. An emerging domain, fragmentomics being explored advancing field diagnostics using non-mutational signatures such ratios methylation patterns. Thus, this review examines structural diversity various sizes. In examining these subsets, we discuss their distinct biological origins potential clinical utility. Development sequencing methodologies has broadened application diagnosing cancers organ-specific pathologies, well directing personalized therapies. This been achieved by identifying uncovering different subsets biofluids biofluids. Different provide important insights regarding genomic epigenetic features, enhancing understanding gene regulation, tissue-specific functions, progression. Advancement key areas asserts increasing relevance use Continued exploration expected drive innovation integration into routine practice.

Language: Английский

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Association of Blood Biomarkers Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) With Stroke Severity and Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Background Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, with rising incidence in India. Early identification patients at risk for severe stroke poor outcomes is crucial timely intervention. Despite advancements, current diagnostic tools lack sufficient sensitivity specificity early prognostic stratification. Emerging evidence highlights cell-free DNA (cfDNA), marker cellular injury, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), an inflammatory marker, as promising candidates. These biomarkers were selected over others due to their robust association tissue damage inflammation, two pivotal mechanisms pathophysiology. This study aimed assess the value cfDNA hsCRP acute ischemic severity outcomes. Methods prospective observational included 54 admitted within 12 hours symptom onset. Clinical assessments performed using National Institutes Health Scale (NIHSS) admission modified Rankin (mRS) three months evaluate Blood samples collected measure levels. Correlation analyses conducted between (mRS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined optimal biomarker thresholds logistic regression identified independent predictors neurological (mRS ≥ 3). Results The median age cohort was 61 years, mean 61.6 ± 16.1 68.5% male. showed significant correlations NIHSS (ρ = 0.222, p 0.040) mRS 0.396, 0.002), while correlated 0.354, 0.001) 0.328, 0.010). ROC (>10,000 kilogenome equivalents/L) (>6 mg/L) predictive outcomes, area under (AUC) values 0.79 0.71, respectively. Logistic indicated > 60 years (OR 1.45, 0.041), 10,000 3.12, 0.027), 6 mg/L 2.75, 0.039), higher 1.23, 0.042) can guide interventions, modest correlation coefficients reflect multifactorial nature stroke. uniquely proposes Indian cohort, adding existing on clinical utility. Conclusion demonstrates that elevated levels are significantly associated patients. biomarkers, alongside score admission, may serve valuable predicting prognosis guiding therapeutic interventions management. Future research should focus evaluating cost-effectiveness, feasibility, integration these into routine practice optimize care.

Language: Английский

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