Bridging Cancer and COVID‐19: The Complex Interplay of ACE2 and TMPRSS2

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7)

Published: March 27, 2025

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic presents heightened risks for cancer patients, who are more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and outcomes due immunosuppression from both the malignancy anticancer therapies. This review investigates dual roles of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) in SARS‐CoV‐2 among patients. ACE2, vital entry receptor SARS‐CoV‐2, is overexpressed certain tumors such as colon adenocarcinoma, renal carcinomas, pancreatic lung potentially increasing viral susceptibility. Paradoxically, ACE2 also exhibits tumor‐suppressive properties by inhibiting angiogenesis modulating tumor microenvironment, leading improved patient prognoses some cancers like breast cancer. TMPRSS2, essential entry, shows decreased expression several but acts a prognostic biomarker prostate cancers. illustrates complexity therapeutically targeting TMPRSS2 their contrasting progression entry. We analyze levels relation immune cell infiltration outcomes, propose personalized therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we underscore necessity multidisciplinary approaches, integrating antiviral treatments with therapies tailoring interventions based on individual molecular profiles. approach medicine seeks enhance treatment results better manage patients have contracted SARS‐CoV‐2.

Language: Английский

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Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer: Challenges, resistance mechanisms, and the role of microbiota

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 118014 - 118014

Published: March 31, 2025

Language: Английский

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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with Bilateral Gonadal Sertoli Cell Lesions, Sertoli–Leydig Cell Tumor, and Paratesticular Leiomyoma: A Case Report and First Systematic Literature Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 929 - 929

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare Mendelian disorder caused by mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene on long arm X chromosome. As result mutation, becomes resistant to androgens, and hence, karyotypically male patients (46,XY) carry female phenotype. Their cryptorchid gonads are prone development several types tumors (germ cell, sex cord stromal, others). Here, we report 15-year-old female-looking patient with primary amenorrhea who underwent laparoscopic gonadectomy. Histologically, patient’s showed Sertoli cell hamartomas (SCHs) adenomas (SCAs) areas Sertoli–Leydig (SLCTs) left-sided paratesticular leiomyoma. Rudimentary Fallopian tubes were also present. The karyotype was 46,XY without any evidence aberrations. Molecular genetic analysis left gonad revealed two likely germline mutations—a pathogenic frameshift deletion in AR (c.77delT) missense variant RAC1 (p.A94V). Strikingly, no somatic mutations, fusions, or copy number variations found. We performed first systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines; screened databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web Science; ended 7 December 2023) reported cases AIS showing benign malignant lesions/tumors their (n = 225; age: 4–84, mean 32 years), including hyperplasia (1%), nodules (6%), SCHs (31%), SCAs (36%), (SCTs) (16%), SLCTs (4%). few 14, 6%; six SCAs, four SCTs, SLCTs, SCHs) available follow-up (2–49, 17 months) disease (13/14, 93%) died other causes (1/14, 7%) despite histological diagnosis. Smooth muscle lesions/proliferations identified 19 (8%) (including clearly rudimentary uterine remnants, 3 cases; leiomyomas, 4 cases). tube(s) described nine (4%) cases. Conclusion: may be associated cord/stromal and, rarely, mesenchymal such as leiomyomas. True can arise these patients. Larger series longer follow-ups needed estimate exact prognostic relevance tumor histology AIS.

Language: Английский

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Prostate cancer therapy using immune checkpoint molecules to target recombinant dendritic cells

Investigative and Clinical Urology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(3), P. 300 - 300

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

We developed immune checkpoint molecules to target recombinant dendritic cells (DCs) and verified their anti-tumor efficacy response against prostate cancer.

Language: Английский

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Combination therapies with Wnt signaling inhibition: A better choice for prostate cancer treatment

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1879(6), P. 189186 - 189186

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 2: Clinic–Pathologic Correlations

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3165 - 3165

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

Many studies have investigated the potential prognostic and predictive role of PD-L1 in prostatic carcinoma (PC). We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) to critically evaluate human tissue-based (immunohistochemistry, molecular analysis, etc.), experimental research (cell lines, mouse models), clinical trials. Despite some controversial results study limitations, expression by tumor cells may be related clinic-pathologic features adverse outcome, including advanced stage (high pT, presence lymph node, distant metastases), positivity surgical margins, high Grade Group, castration resistance. Different rates observed matched primary PCs various metastatic sites same patients. Over-fixation, type/duration decalcification, antibody clone influence immunohistochemical analysis on bone metastases. seemed expressed more frequently castration-resistant (49%) as compared hormone-sensitive (17%). Some series found that was associated with decreased time Treatment ipilimumab, cyclophosphamide/GVAX/degarelix, or degarelix alone increase expression. Correlation overall survival outcomes recurrence were rarely investigated; few analyzed produced conflicting sometimes showed limitations. Further are required. The testing scoring should standardized.

Language: Английский

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Classification of pyroptosis patterns and construction of a novel prognostic model for prostate cancer based on bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

Emerging evidence suggests an important role for pyroptosis in tumorigenesis and recurrence, but it remains to be elucidated prostate cancer (PCa). Considering the low accuracy of common clinical predictors PCa we aimed develop a novel pyroptosis-related signature predict prognosis patients based on integrative analyses bulk single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) profiling.The RNA-seq data was downloaded from several online databases. were stratified into two Classes by unsupervised clustering. A constructed Cox Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. The Kaplan-Meier curve employed evaluate prognostic value this single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm used analysis tumor-infiltrating immune cells. At level, also classified malignant cells cell developmental trajectories cell-cell interaction networks. Furthermore, RT-qPCR immunofluorescence validate expression core genes.Twelve genes identified classify Classes. We that with different risks recurrence risk score proven independent predictor free survival (RFS). Patients high-risk group had significantly lower RFS (P<0.001). various differed between described heterogeneity. In addition, observed may shift Class1 Class2 thus have worse prognosis.We robust heterogeneity terms pyroptosis.

Language: Английский

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What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 4: Experimental Treatments in Pre-Clinical Studies (Cell Lines and Mouse Models)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(22), P. 12297 - 12297

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

In prostate cancer (PC), the PD-1/PD-L1 axis regulates various signaling pathways and it is influenced by extracellular factors. Pre-clinical experimental studies investigating effects of treatments (alone or combined) may discover how to overcome immunotherapy-resistance in PC-patients. We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) delineate landscape pre-clinical (including cell lines mouse models) that tested with on PD-L1 PC. NF-kB, MEK, JAK, STAT inhibitors human/mouse, primary/metastatic PC-cell variably down-modulated PD-L1-expression, reducing chemoresistance tumor migration. If PC-cells were co-cultured NK, CD8+ T-cells CAR-T cells, immune cytotoxicity increased when was downregulated (opposite for upregulation). models, radiotherapy, CDK4/6-inhibitors, RB deletion induced PD-L1-upregulation, causing PC-immune-evasion. Epigenetic drugs reduce expression. some PC blocking only pathway had limited efficacy growth. Anti-tumor could be combining blockade other approaches (inhibitors tyrosine kinase, PI3K/mTOR JAK/STAT3 pathways, p300/CBP; anti-RANKL and/or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies; cytokines; nitroxoline; DNA/cell vaccines; radiotherapy/Radium-223).

Language: Английский

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Cell membrane-coated human hair nanoparticles for precise disease therapies

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Precision medicine is the ultimate goal for current disease therapies, including tumor and infection. The lack of specific targeted drugs liver cancer anti-infective in treatment diabetic foot ulcer with infection (DFI) are representative obstacles those 2 major diseases currently plaguing human beings. Inventing natural biocompatible polymers derived from materials one main development directions bio-medical materials. Though previous studies have demonstrated potential application values black hair-derived nanoparticles (HNP) cancer, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, thrombosis scenarios treatments, it still has not solved problem low local therapeutic concentration general targeting ability. Here, we firstly modified HNP membrane encapsulations, which endowed these dual-pure bio-fabricated better ability at sites no reduction photothermal therapy (PTT) effect. coated by red blood cell loaded DSPE-PEG-cRGD peptide greatly prolonged vivo circulation time enhanced efficacy as well toxicity; murine macrophage (RAWM) DFIs promoted adhesive on bacteria thereby improved killing Briefly, appropriate membranes camouflaged nanomedicine characteristics excellent effect, an all-natural source biocompatibility easy access, expected to huge both benign malignant diseases.

Language: Английский

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What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(22), P. 12314 - 12314

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways tumor progression. We performed systematic literature review (following PRISMA guidelines) focused on PD-L1 in PC. In PC cell lines, CpG island CD274 promoter negatively regulated expression. Histone modifiers also transcription rate: deletion silencing histone MLL3/MML1 can positively regulate drugs (EDs) may be promising reprogramming cells, reversing modifications, immune evasion. EDs promoting chromatin-inactive transcriptional state (such as bromodomain p300/CBP inhibitors) downregulated PD-L1, while favoring chromatin-active (i.e., deacetylase increased miRNAs at post-transcriptional level. miR-195/miR-16 were associated with correlated to longer biochemical recurrence-free survival; they enhanced radiotherapy efficacy lines. miR-197 miR-200a-c mRNA levels inversely large series. miR-570, miR-34a miR-513 involved regulation.

Language: Английский

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