Safety and efficacy of avelumab plus carboplatin in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in an open-label Phase Ib study

British Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 128(1), P. 21 - 29

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Lymphomas: State of the Art

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6447 - 6447

Published: June 11, 2024

The interaction of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T lymphocytes with its ligands Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) tumor cells and/or tumor-associated macrophages results in inhibitory signals to the T-cell receptor pathway, consequently causing immune escape. PD-L1/PD-L2 are currently used as predictive tissue biomarkers clinical practice. Virtually PD-L1 levels expressed by associated a good response checkpoint blockade therapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis. These restore antitumor releasing T-lymphocytes from effects cells. Immune have completely changed management patients solid cancers. This therapeutic strategy is less hematological malignancies, although been achieved some settings, such refractory/relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Variable obtained diffuse lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry represents main technique for assessing expression review aims describe current knowledge various types lymphomas, focusing principal mechanisms underlying overexpression, prognostic significance practical issues concerning evaluation immunohistochemical

Language: Английский

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Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(21), P. 12971 - 12971

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate intercellular communication by delivering their contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to distant target cells. EVs play a role in the progression of several diseases. In particular, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels exosomes are associated with cancer progression. Furthermore, being used for new drug-delivery systems modifying membrane peptides promote intracellular transduction via micropinocytosis. this review, we aim show that an efficient system useful therapeutic strategy can be established controlling molecular docking translocation exosomes. We summarise mechanisms biological effects transmitted into cells, current state drug delivery systems.

Language: Английский

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What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 7: PD-L1 Expression in Liquid Biopsy

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1312 - 1312

Published: Dec. 6, 2021

Liquid biopsy is an accessible, non-invasive diagnostic tool for advanced prostate cancer (PC) patients, potentially representing a real-time monitoring test tumor evolution and response to treatment through the analysis of circulating cells (CTCs) exosomes. We performed systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) describe current knowledge about PD-L1 expression in liquid biopsies PC patients: 101/159 (64%) cases revealed variable number PD-L1+ CTCs. Outcome correlations should be investigated larger series. Nuclear by CTCs was occasionally associated with worse prognosis. Treatment (abiraterone, enzalutamide, radiotherapy, checkpoint-inhibitors) influenced CTC levels. Discordance status detected between primary vs. metastatic tissue corresponding tissues. also released soluble exosomes, which could inhibit T cell function, causing immune evasion. PC-CTC genomic profiling may better characterize ongoing aggressive forms compared evaluation on biopsies/prostatectomy specimens (sometimes sampled long time before recurrence/progression). Myeloid-derived suppressor dendritic (DCs), have immune-suppressive effects microenvironment, been found patients circulation, sometimes expressing PD-L1. Occasionally, their levels correlated clinical outcome. Enzalutamide-progressing castration-resistant increased PD-1+ PD-L1/2+ DCs.

Language: Английский

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Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Prostate Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cell Niche

annals of urologic oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), has gained attention in recent years as a potential adjunct to conventional cancer treatments, particularly addressing tumor hypoxia which is extensively employed post-injury treatment, the administration of >92% at 1.5- 3.0 ATA for 60-120 minutes. HBOT attributed least five mechanisms including epigenetic regulation gene expression, mechanical effects, bacteriostatic hyperoxygenation carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning restoration from hypoxia. emerging promising overcoming hypoxia—a key feature microenvironment (TME) that drives growth, resistance, metastasis. By delivering high concentrations under pressure, improves tissue oxygenation, potentially suppressing reducing hypoxia-induced enhancing efficacy chemotherapy radiotherapy. Studies have shown its anti-angiogenic effects some models ability alkalize TME. In prostate cancer, demonstrated slowing growth increasing treatment sensitivity cell lines like DU-145 LNCaP. Additionally, it may enhance effectiveness radical prostatectomy by synchronizing cycles. Therefore, current review highlights aspects their role late radiation injury (LRTI) We succinctly captured multifaceted modifying TME comprehensive overview focuses on advanced approaches eliminate stem cells (PCSCs) exploration anti-androgen well stemness-related signaling pathways growing body evidence supporting benefits treatment. Further clinical research could lead significant advancements

Language: Английский

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