A genetic module at one locus in rice protects chloroplasts to enhance thermotolerance

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6599), P. 1293 - 1300

Published: June 16, 2022

How the plasma membrane senses external heat-stress signals to communicate with chloroplasts orchestrate thermotolerance remains elusive. We identified a quantitative trait locus, Thermo-tolerance 3 (TT3), consisting of two genes, TT3.1 and TT3.2, that interact together enhance rice reduce grain-yield losses caused by heat stress. Upon stress, membrane-localized E3 ligase translocates endosomes, on which ubiquitinates chloroplast precursor protein TT3.2 for vacuolar degradation, implying might serve as potential thermosensor. Lesser accumulated, mature proteins in are essential protecting thylakoids from Our findings not only reveal TT3.1-TT3.2 genetic module at one locus transduces but also provide strategy breeding highly thermotolerant crops.

Language: Английский

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Early-Stage Detection of Biotic and Abiotic Stress on Plants by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 796 - 796

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Most agricultural land, as a result of climate change, experiences severe stress that significantly reduces yields. Crop sensing by imaging techniques allows early-stage detection biotic or abiotic to avoid damage and significant yield losses. Among the top certified for plant is chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, which can evaluate spatiotemporal leaf changes, permitting pre-symptomatic monitoring physiological status long before any visible symptoms develop, allowing high-throughput assessment. Here, we review different examples how analysis be used stress. Chlorophyll able detect early 15 min after Spodoptera exigua feeding, 30 Botrytis cinerea application on tomato plants, onset water-deficit stress, thus has potential detection. (ChlF) rapid, non-invasive, easy perform, low-cost, highly sensitive method estimate photosynthetic performance influence diverse stresses plants. In terms ChlF parameters, fraction open photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers (qp) detection, since it been found in many recent studies most accurate appropriate indicator ChlF-based screening impact environmental

Language: Английский

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GABA in Relation to Cold and Chilling Stress

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Many countries around the world are currently grappling with consequences of climate changes, which have a profound impact on crop productivity and detrimental plant growth. This, in turn, has led to decline yield quality agricultural crops numerous regions. Among various environmental factors, low-temperature damage stands out as one most significant challenges faced by many Plants developed mechanisms, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), adapt resist effects cold stress. GABA is synthesized through several pathways, glutamate decarboxylation, polyamine (PA) degradation, proline nonenzymatic conversion. serves defensive molecule tolerance. The response strategies coping stress thoroughly investigated, particularly concerning its role mitigating generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhancing antioxidant systems within plants. In addition, found bolster system, regulate phenol ascorbic metabolism, promote PA synthesis. It also plays crucial protecting chloroplast integrity maintaining higher ATP content energy charge. This text delves into future perspectives, challenges, conclusions regarding

Language: Английский

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Identification and functional characterization of the RPP13 gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for disease resistance

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.), as the world’s fourth largest food crop, plays a crucial role in ensuring security through its disease resistance. The RPP13 gene family is known to play pivotal plant resistance responses; however, specific functions potato remain unclear. In this study, we conducted first comprehensive identification and analysis of 28 members potato, examining their structures, chromosomal locations, expression patterns, functional characteristics. Gene structure revealed that most contain typical CC-NBS-LRR domains, with exon numbers ranging from 1 6. Phylogenetic grouped these genes into four evolutionary clades, indicating high level conservation. Cis-regulatory element identified promoter region StRPP13-26 enriched pathogen-responsive elements such WUN-motif MYC, suggesting potential defense. Expression pattern showed StRPP13-8 , StRPP13-10 StRPP13-23 are highly expressed various tissues, involvement basic physiological functions, whereas StRPP13-6 StRPP13-25 mainly induced under pathogen infection conditions. Transcriptome qRT-PCR analyses further divergence response scab disease. Notably, StRPP13-11 was significantly downregulated both resistant susceptible cultivars, early stages recognition. Subcellular localization experiments protein localized chloroplast. Combined transcriptome-based enrichment analysis, finding implies may participate defense by regulating photosynthesis-related dynamic balance reactive oxygen species within This study provides new insights mechanisms, offering valuable genetic resources theoretical support for future disease-resistant breeding programs.

Language: Английский

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Low temperature stress-induced perception and molecular signaling pathways in plants

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 105190 - 105190

Published: Dec. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and Related Compounds: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 532 - 532

Published: March 10, 2022

Melatonin, an indoleamine derived from tryptophan and produced in the pineal gland other tissues [...].

Language: Английский

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Fine Tuning of ROS, Redox and Energy Regulatory Systems Associated with the Functions of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Plants under Heat Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1356 - 1356

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Heat stress severely affects plant growth and crop production. It is therefore urgent to uncover the mechanisms underlying heat responses of plants establish strategies enhance tolerance crops. The chloroplasts mitochondria are known be highly sensitive stress. negatively impacts on electron transport chains, leading increased production reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause damages mitochondria. Disruptions photosynthetic respiratory metabolisms under also trigger increase in ROS alterations redox status However, altered these organelles activate important maintain functions stress, which include HSP-dependent pathways, scavenging systems retrograde signaling. To discuss associated with energy regulating organelles, we should not neglect regulatory hub involving TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) SNF-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1). Although roles TOR SnRK1 regulation still unknown, contributions proteins producing implicate possible involvement this acclimation plants.

Language: Английский

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Plastids: diving into their diversity, their functions, and their role in plant development

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(8), P. 2508 - 2526

Published: Feb. 4, 2023

Abstract Plastids are a group of essential, heterogenous semi-autonomous organelles characteristic plants that perform photosynthesis and diversity metabolic pathways impact growth development. remarkably dynamic can interconvert in response to specific developmental environmental cues, functioning as central hub plant cells. By far the best studied plastid is chloroplast, but recent years combination modern techniques genetic analyses has expanded our current understanding morphological functional both model non-model plants. These studies have provided evidence an unexpected subtypes with characteristics. In this review, we describe findings provide insights into characteristics these specialized plastids their functions. We concentrate on emerging supports signals derived from particular types play pivotal roles development, environmental, defense responses. Furthermore, examples how new technologies illuminating functions overall complexity differentiation processes. Finally, discuss future research directions such use ectopic valuable tool characterize factors involved differentiation. Collectively, highlight important advances field also agricultural biotechnological improvement

Language: Английский

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Sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress in plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 17, 2024

Chloroplast, the site for photosynthesis and various biochemical reactions, is subject to many environmental stresses including salt stress, which affects chloroplast structure, photosynthetic processes, osmotic balance, ROS homeostasis, so on. The maintenance of normal function essential survival plants. Plants have developed different mechanisms cope with salt-induced toxicity on chloroplasts ensure chloroplasts. tolerance mechanism complex varies plant species, aspects these are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we explore effect salinity structure function, discuss adaptive by respond stress. Understanding sensitivity responses stress will help us understand important role in adaptation lay foundation enhancing tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Advances from chlorophyll biosynthesis to photosynthetic adaptation, evolution and signaling

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 100470 - 100470

Published: April 28, 2024

Chlorophyll (Chl)-mediated oxygenic photosynthesis supports life on earth. From a view of evolution, 'survival the fittest' facilitates photosynthetic organisms evolved from cyanobacteria to higher plants by ever more sophisticated photosystems including antennae, Chls, and carotenoids. Increasing advances highlight (1) H subunit magnesium chelatase (CHLH)-mediated Chl biosynthesis at branch point that also channels heme common tetrapyrrole pathway, associated various gun (genomes uncoupled) anterograde signals; (2) multiple functions carotenoids generated mevalonic acid (MVA) methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways, linked several hormonal (3) size composition modularly-assembled pigment-protein supercomplexes vary with green lineages adaptive growth niches genetic structural levels, showing Chls fitness. Under favorable environments, electron transfer chain (PETC) is responsible for sugar biosynthesis, fundamental plant auxin cytokinin. While under stressful impeded PETC triggers ROS, consequently triggering both phytohormone signaling (ABA, SA, JA, Eth) retrograde (PAP, MEcPP, GUNs). These regulators weave crosstalk network between nucleus-to-plastid plastid-to-nucleus signaling, finally fine-tuning development adaptation. In this review, we outline photosystematic evolution chloroplast-derived signals, paving way understanding survival fitness optimizing utilization.

Language: Английский

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