CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in crop breeding for climate change resilience: Implications for smallholder farmers in Africa

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 101132 - 101132

Published: March 28, 2024

Food insecurity and malnutrition, compounded by climate change, are seriously threatening the growing African population. Unpredictable precipitation patterns droughts contributing to declining crop productivity. Efforts increase agricultural productivity include adoption of crops that resistant change engaging in resilient agriculture. Currently, CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats - associated protein) technology is being used breeding practices improve traits such as drought tolerance, nutrition disease resistance. The aim this review explore use developing for mitigation food hunger attendant implications small holder farmers Africa. A comprehensive systematic search peer reviewed articles three bibliographic databases, PubMed, Web Science Google Scholar, was conducted identify documents relevant applications CRISPR-mediated genome editing improvement context. literature shows CRISPR-Cas has been harnessed enhance resilience nutritional content various crops, combatting biotic abiotic stresses. CRISPR-assisted strategies can help smallholder low-middle income countries Africa adapt without loss. By harnessing technology, benefit from with improved yields stress resistance thereby security sustainable agriculture on continent.

Language: Английский

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Modern Plant Breeding Techniques in Crop Improvement and Genetic Diversity: From Molecular Markers and Gene Editing to Artificial Intelligence—A Critical Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(19), P. 2676 - 2676

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

With the development of new technologies in recent years, researchers have made significant progress crop breeding. Modern breeding differs from traditional because great changes technical means and concepts. Whereas initially focused on high yields, modern focuses orientations based different crops’ audiences or by-products. The process starts creation material populations, which can be constructed by natural mutagenesis, chemical physical mutagenesis transfer DNA (T-DNA), Tos17 (endogenous retrotransposon), etc. Then, gene function mined through QTL mapping, Bulked-segregant analysis (BSA), Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), RNA interference (RNAi), editing. at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational levels, functions genes are described terms post-translational aspects. This article mainly discusses application above scientific technological methods advantages limitations diversity. In particular, editing technology has contributed to research.

Language: Английский

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Twenty-eight years of GM Food and feed without harm: why not accept them?

GM crops & food, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 40 - 50

Published: March 12, 2024

Since the first genetically engineered or modified crops organisms (GMO) were approved for commercial production in 1995, no new GMO has been proven to be a hazard cause harm human consumers. These modifications have improved crop efficiency, reduced losses insect pests, viral and microbial plant pathogens drought tolerance. A few focused on nutritional improvements producing beta carotene Golden Rice. Regulators United States countries signing CODEX Alimentarius Cartagena Biosafety agreements evaluated animal food safety considering potential risks of allergenicity, toxicity, anti-nutritional risks. They consider non-target environment. There are cases where post-market surveillance uncovered consumers environment including transfer DNA from organisms. In fact, many GMOs helped improve production, yield chemical insecticides fungicides. Yet there generic calls label foods containing any genetic modification as refusing allow GM events labeled organic. Many African accepted Protocol tool keep out their while facing insecurity. The rationale those restrictions not rational. Other issues related diversity, seed environmental must addressed. What can done increase acceptance safe nutritious population increases, land cultivation is energy costs soar?

Language: Английский

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Application of CRISPR/Cas-based gene-editing for developing better banana

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Banana ( Musa spp.), including plantain, is one of the major staple food and cash crops grown in over 140 countries subtropics tropics, with around 153 million tons annual global production, feeding about 400 people. Despite its widespread cultivation adaptability to diverse environments, banana production faces significant challenges from pathogens pests that often coexist within agricultural landscapes. Recent advancements CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing offer transformative solutions enhance resilience productivity. Researchers at IITA, Kenya, have successfully employed confer resistance diseases such as Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) by targeting susceptibility genes streak virus (BSV) disrupting viral sequences. Other breakthroughs include development semi-dwarf plants, increased β-carotene content. Additionally, non-browning been developed reduce waste, regulatory approval Philippines. The future prospects looks promising CRISPR-based activation (CRISPRa) inhibition (CRISPRi) techniques offering potential for improved disease resistance. Cas-CLOVER system provides a precise alternative CRISPR/Cas9, demonstrating success generating gene-edited mutants. Integration precision genetics traditional breeding, adopting transgene-free strategies, will be pivotal harnessing full banana. crop holds exciting producing thrives across agroecological zones offers superior nutritional value, ultimately benefiting farmers consumers. This article highlights role CRISPR/Cas technology advancing resilience, yield quality, implications security.

Language: Английский

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Precision genetics tools for genetic improvement of banana

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Banana is an important food security crop for millions of people in the tropics but it faces challenges from diseases and pests. Traditional breeding methods have limitations, prompting exploration precision genetic tools like modification genome editing. Extensive efforts using transgenic approaches been made to develop improved banana varieties with resistance Xanthomonas wilt, Fusarium nematodes. However, these should be extended other pests, diseases, abiotic stresses. The commercialization crops still continuous regulatory public acceptance. Genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas, offers precise modifications has successfully applied improvement banana. Targeting specific genes can contribute development enhanced various biotic constraints. This review discusses recent advances achieved through

Language: Английский

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Targeted knockout of early nodulin‐like 3 (MusaENODL3) gene in banana reveals its function in resistance to Xanthomonas wilt disease

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 1101 - 1112

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Summary Nodulins and nodulin‐like proteins play an essential role in the symbiotic associations between legumes Rhizobium bacteria. Their extends beyond leguminous species, as numerous proteins, including early (ENODL), have been identified various non‐leguminous plants, implying their involvement functions nodulation, such nutrient transport growth modulation. Some ENODL associated with plant defense against pathogens, evident banana infected Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) causing wilt (BXW) disease. Nonetheless, specific of remains to be fully elucidated. The MusaENODL3 gene was found repressed BXW‐resistant progenitor ‘ Musa balbisiana ’ 20‐fold upregulated BXW‐susceptible cultivar ‘Gonja Manjaya’ upon infection Xcm. To further unravel disease resistance, CRISPR/Cas9 system employed disrupt precisely. Analysis enodl3 edited events confirmed accurate manipulation gene. Disease resistance expression analysis demonstrated that editing resulted BXW disease, 50% plants remaining asymptomatic. identification highlight its potential a critical player plant‐pathogen interactions, offering new opportunities for enhancing crops like banana, important staple food crop source income resource‐poor farmers tropics. This study provides first evidence direct ENODL3 developing disease‐resistant plants.

Language: Английский

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Efficient and transgene-free genome editing in banana using a REG-2 promoter–driven gene-deletion system

Molecular Horticulture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Language: Английский

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Genetic Improvement of Banana for Resistance to Xanthomonas Wilt in East Africa

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Banana ( Musa spp.) is a staple food and income generation crop, feeding millions worldwide. However, the cultivation of bananas challenging due to biotic abiotic production constraints. Among these factors are pests diseases, especially banana bacterial disease. Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), caused by campestris pathovar musacearum (Xcm), has most significant detrimental economic effect on East African production. The infection BXW rapid severe; its impact increases over time causes huge yield losses. Xcm infects disease in all types except wild diploid type balbisiana , which resistant boosting plant immunity for controlling other diseases bananas. Resistant cultivars best promising management option All cultivated sterile, have long cycle, complicates their improvement through conventional breeding. Biotechnological approaches can complement breeding overcoming some challenges. Additionally, genetic engineering could speed up process crop improvement, sterile seedless crops like It also specific target gene precise modification that avoids unwanted genes normal process. Recent developments using genome editing been initiated tackle issues. This review article focuses challenges traditional progress approaches, aiming enhance understanding achieving an essential gain against BXW. crucial enhancing security Africa globally.

Language: Английский

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Exploring C-to-G and A-to-Y Base Editing in Rice by Using New Vector Tools

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(14), P. 7990 - 7990

Published: July 20, 2022

CRISPR/Cas9-based cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine (ABEs) can efficiently mediate C-to-T/G-to-A A-to-G/T-to-C substitutions, respectively; however, achieving transversions (C-to-G/C-to-A A-to-T/A-to-C) is challenging has been rarely studied in plants. Here, we constructed new plant C-to-G (CGBEs) A-to-Y (T/C) explored their editing characteristics rice. First, fused the highly active cytidine deaminase evoFENRY PAM-relaxed Cas9-nickase variant Cas9n-NG with rice human uracil DNA N-glycosylase (rUNG hUNG), respectively, to construct CGBE-rUNG CGBE-hUNG vector tools. The analysis of five NG-PAM target sites showed that these CGBEs achieved conversions monoallelic efficiencies up 27.3% T0 rice, major byproducts being insertion/deletion mutations. Moreover, for (C or T) test, adenosine TadA8e SpGn (with NG-PAM) Escherichia coli endonuclease V (EndoV) alkyladenine glycosylase (hAAG), generate ABE8e-EndoV ABE8e-hAAG vectors. An assessment two vectors could produce A-to-G substitutions a narrow window; no was detected. Interestingly, also generated precise small fragment deletions window from 5'-deaminated A cleavage site, suggesting its potential value producing predictable small-fragment deletion Overall, objectively evaluated performance possibility editing, developed tool, thus providing valuable reference improving enriching tools

Language: Английский

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Evolution of the WRKY66 Gene Family and Its Mutations Generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 System Increase the Sensitivity to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3071 - 3071

Published: Feb. 4, 2023

Group Ⅲ WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play pivotal roles in responding to the diverse abiotic stress and secondary metabolism of plants. However, evolution function WRKY66 remains unclear. Here, homologs were traced back origin terrestrial plants found have been subjected both motifs’ gain loss, purifying selection. A phylogenetic analysis showed that 145 genes could be divided into three main clades (Clade A–C). The substitution rate tests indicated lineage was significantly different from others. sequence displayed had conserved C2HC motifs with higher proportions crucial amino acid residues average abundance. AtWRKY66 is a nuclear protein, salt- ABA- inducible activator. Simultaneously, under salt ABA treatments, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT) activities, as well seed germination rates Atwrky66-knockdown generated by clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, all lower than those wild type (WT) plants, but relative electrolyte leakage (REL) higher, indicating increased sensitivities knockdown treatments. Moreover, RNA-seq qRT-PCR analyses revealed several regulatory ABA-mediated signaling pathway involved response regulated, being evidenced more moderate expressions genes. Therefore, likely acts positive regulator response, which may an pathway.

Language: Английский

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