Pathways of Coagulopathy and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Type 2 Diabetic Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4319 - 4319

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Chronic inflammation and endothelium dysfunction are present in diabetic patients. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate association with diabetes, partially due to the development of thromboembolic events context coronavirus infection. The purpose this review is most important underlying pathomechanisms COVID-19-related coagulopathy methodology consisted data collection synthesis from recent scientific literature by accessing different databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase). main results comprehensive detailed presentation very complex interrelations between factors pathways involved arteriopathy thrombosis COVID-19-infected Several genetic metabolic influence course within background diabetes mellitus. Extensive knowledge SARS-CoV-2-related vasculopathy subjects contributes better understanding manifestations highly vulnerable group patients; thus, they can benefit modern, more efficient approach regarding diagnostic therapeutic management.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 31, 2023

There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia malignant behavior various forms cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in light immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. is highly intricate crosstalk between inducible factor (HIF), transcriptional produced during hypoxia, nuclear kappa B (NF‐κB) which well characterized immune cell types. important shares common activating inhibitory stimuli, regulators, molecular targets. Impaired hydroxylase activity contributes to activation HIFs. Inflammatory ligands activate NF-κB activity, leads expression inflammatory anti-apoptotic genes. The eventual sequelae interaction these two players cells, either bolstering or abrogating functions, largely cell-type dependent. Importantly, this holds promise for therapeutic interventions against several infectious diseases, as some HIF agonists have helped prevent immune‐related diseases. Hypoxia inflammation features Here, we highlighted role functional immunity infection inflammation, with special focus innate adaptive Particularly, discussed bidirectional effects regulation responses by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic neutrophils, T We believe an advanced understanding interplay HIFs NF-kB reveal novel targets diseases limited treatment options.

Language: Английский

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Role of Tau protein in long COVID and potential therapeutic targets

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Introduction Long COVID is an emerging public health burden and has been defined as a syndrome with common symptoms of fatigue, shortness breath, cognitive dysfunction, others impacting day-to-day life, fluctuating or relapsing over, occurring for at least two months in patients history probable confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection; usually three from the onset illness cannot be explained by alternate diagnosis. The actual prevalence long-term COVID-19 unknown, but it believed that more than 17 million Europe may have suffered during pandemic. Pathophysiology Currently, there limited understanding pathophysiology this syndrome, multiple hypotheses proposed. Our literature review shown studies reporting tau deposits tissue samples brain autopsies compared to control group, in-vitro human organoid model aberrant phosphorylation protein response SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tauopathies, group neurodegenerative disorders salient features deposits, can manifest different based on anatomical region involvement affect peripheral nervous system well even rat studies. 203 symptoms, predominant dyspnea, which tauopathy-induced CNS dysfunction explain. There no up till now reveal long COVID. Based our review, promising hypothesis explored future Therapeutic approaches tauopathies multidimensional aspects, including targeting post-translational modifications, aggregation, clearance through autophagy process help lysosomes, potential targets developing therapeutic interventions In addition, attempt find proteins CSF use those biomarkers

Language: Английский

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Aesculus hippocastanum extract and the main bioactive constituent β-escin as antivirals agents against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 17, 2024

Abstract Respiratory viruses can cause life-threatening illnesses. The focus of treatment is on supportive therapies and direct antivirals. However, antivirals may resistance by exerting selective pressure. Modulating the host response has emerged as a viable therapeutic approach for treating respiratory infections. Additionally, considering probable future virus outbreaks emphasizes need broad-spectrum to be prepared next pandemics. One principal bioactive constituents found in seed extract Aesculus hippocastanum L. (AH) β-escin. clinical role β-escin AH been associated with their anti-inflammatory effects. Regarding mechanism action, we others have shown that affect NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, reported virucidal antiviral properties against enveloped such RSV, vitro vivo. In this study, demonstrate activities SARS-CoV-2 CCoV, revealing activity coronaviruses. Likewise, they exhibited cytokine modulating epithelial macrophage cell lines infected coronaviruses vitro. Hence, are promising antiviral, immunomodulatory, drugs viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the mechanism of action of cepharanthine for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) from the perspectives of systematic pharmacology

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 104722 - 104722

Published: March 6, 2023

Natural products play an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, underlying molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. To better understand their potential therapeutic effects, more validation studies are needed to explore systematically. This study aims targets action and signaling pathways cepharanthine for COVID-19. revealed that a total 173 Cepharanthine 86 intersectional against COVID-19 were screened collected. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis suggested inflammatory, immune cell enzyme activities critical terms Pathway showed five associated with main via cepharanthine. Molecular docking dynamics simulations 6 core regarded as In brief, demonstrates may important infection through its harmonious activity multiple related targets. article provides valuable insights required respond effectively concerns western medical community.

Language: Английский

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